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PBR Fast Review by Cliff > Most Commons > Flashcards

Most Commons Flashcards

1
Q

Abused opioid by medical professionals?

A

Meperidine and fentanyl

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2
Q

Accidental suffocation

A

Overlying

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3
Q

Adolescent hip disorder

A

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

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4
Q

Adrenal tumor in adults

A

Pheochromocytoma

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5
Q

Adrenal tumor in children

A

Neuroblastoma

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6
Q

Adverse effect of ASA

A

Gastric upset

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7
Q

Adverse effect of diuretics

A

Hypokalemia (except K-sparing diuretics)

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8
Q

Affected segment in radiation enteritis

A

Terminal ileum

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9
Q

Affected type of collagen in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

A

Type III

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10
Q

Age group with endometriosis

A

3rd and 4th decade

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11
Q

Aneurysm site, cerebral

A

Anterior communicating artery (PComm is 2nd)

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12
Q

Ankle injury

A

Inversion

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13
Q

Anomaly of splenic embryology

A

Accessory spleen

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14
Q

Ascending aorta aneurysm complication

A

Aortic insufficiency

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15
Q

ASD

A

Ostium secundum (80%)

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16
Q

Benign tumor of the lung

A

Hamartoma

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17
Q

Benign tumor of the rib

A

Osteochondroma

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18
Q

Biliary-enteric fistula

A

Gallbladder-duodenum

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19
Q

Bone tumor of the hand

A

Endochondroma

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20
Q

Carcinoid tumor (GI)

A

Appendix (2nd: Ileum)

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21
Q

Cardiac tumor

A

Metastasis

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22
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy (systolic dysfunction)

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23
Q

Cause of acute cholecystitis

A

Cystic duct obstruction

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24
Q

Cause of acute mastitis

A

Staph aureus

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25
Q

Cause of ARF

A

ATN (death most common in initial oliguric phase)

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26
Q

Cause of ARF in children

A

HUS

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27
Q

Cause of ARF in surgical patients

A

Hypovolemia

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28
Q

Cause of aneuploidy

A

Meiotic nondisjunction

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29
Q

Cause of anuria on 1st day of life [male]

A

Posterior urethral valves

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30
Q

Cause of athlete��_s foot

A

Trichophyton (Tinea pedis)

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31
Q

Cause of bloody nipple discharge

A

Intraductal papilloma

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32
Q

Cause of bowel incarceration

A

Femoral hernia

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33
Q

Cause of bowel obstruction in neonates

A

Hirschsprung disease

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34
Q

Cause of burns in civilian setting

A

Scalds

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35
Q

Cause of CAH

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency (90%)

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36
Q

Cause of chronic constrictive pericarditis

A

Viral infection

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37
Q

Cause of congenital chronic hemolytic anemia

A

Pyruvate kinase deficiency

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38
Q

Cause of CPC of the liver

A

R-sided heart failure

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39
Q

Cause of CPC of the lung

A

L-sided heart failure / Mitral stenosis

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40
Q

Cause of Cushing��_s syndrome

A

Iatrogenic (steroid treatments)

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41
Q

Cause of epistaxis

A

Nosepicking

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42
Q

Cause of erythema multiforme

A

Infectious (HSV, then Mycoplasma pneumoniae)

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43
Q

Cause of esophageal rupture

A

Iatrogenic (post-endoscopy)

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44
Q

Cause of [hereditary] mental retardation

A

Down syndrome

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45
Q

Cause of hereditary thrombophilia

A

Factor V Leiden (resistant to activated protein C); second most common is Prothrombin 20210A tranistion

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46
Q

Cause of hyperprolactinemia

A

Prolactinoma

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47
Q

Cause of hypertension in young men

A

Excessive ethanol

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48
Q

Cause of hypertension in young women

A

OCP use

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49
Q

Cause of hypoparathyroidism

A

Surgical

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50
Q

Cause of infectious mastitis

A

Staph aureus

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51
Q

Cause of infertility, female

A

Endometriosis

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52
Q

Cause of lower GI bleed in pts >40

A

Diverticulosis

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53
Q

Cause of mycotic aneurysm

A

Treponema pallidum

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54
Q

Cause of non-gonococcal urethritis

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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55
Q

Cause of osteomyelitis

A

Staphylococcus (in HbS patients, Salmonella, in IV drug users, Pseudomonas)

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56
Q

Cause of otitis externa

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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57
Q

Cause of otitis media

A

Strep pneumo, then H. influenzae, Moraxella sp.

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58
Q

Cause of nephrotic syndrome (adults)

A

Membranous GN

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59
Q

Cause of nephrotic syndrome (children)

A

Minimal change disease

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60
Q

Cause of preventable blindness worldwide

A

Chlamydia trachomatis (trachoma)

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61
Q

Cause of persistent jaundice in infancy

A

Biliary atresia

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62
Q

Cause of poor wound healing

A

Tissue hypoxia

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63
Q

Cause of primary amenorrhea

A

Turner syndrome

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64
Q

Cause of prostatitis in young adult males

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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65
Q

Cause of pneumaturia

A

Bladder-GI fistula; usually in diverticulitis

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66
Q

Cause of postpartum hemorrhage

A

Uterine atony

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67
Q

Cause of pulmonary hypoplasia

A

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (more commonly L)

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68
Q

Cause of pyogenic osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients

A

Salmonella

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69
Q

Cause of retrograde menstruation (anomaly)

A

Imperforate hymen

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70
Q

Cause of SAH

A

Trauma (1st Aid CK) / Berry aneurysm

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71
Q

Cause of secondary amenorrhea

A

Pregnancy

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72
Q

Cause of septic arthritis in children <2 yrs

A

H. influenza

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73
Q

Cause of skin graft loss

A

Hematoma/seroma formation

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74
Q

Cause of testicular pain over 12 years old

A

Testicular torsion

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75
Q

Cause of testicular pain 2-11 yrs

A

Torsion of appendix testes

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76
Q

Cause of vulvar pruritus

A

Candidal vulvovaginitis

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77
Q

Cerebral hemorrhage [syndrome]

A

Putaminal hemorrhage

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78
Q

Cervical disc herniation level

A

C6-C7 (wrist drop)

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79
Q

Childhood supratentorial tumor

A

Craniopharyngioma

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80
Q

Chromosomal disorder

A

Down syndrome

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81
Q

Clonality marker

A

HUMARA

82
Q

Colon CA

A

AdenoCA

83
Q

Colon polyp

A

Benign hyperplastic hamartoma (90%)

84
Q

Compound fracture site

A

Tibia (middle-lower junction)

85
Q

Congenital GI tract anomaly

A

Meckel��_s diverticulum

86
Q

Congenital pancytopenia

A

Fanconi anemia

87
Q

Cystic lesion of mediastinum

A

Bronchogenic cyst

88
Q

Diaphragmatic hernia

A

Sliding hiatal hernia

89
Q

Direction of nucleus pulposus herniation

A

Posterolateral

90
Q

Direction of testicular torsion

A

Medial

91
Q

Dislocated wrist bone

A

Lunate

92
Q

Disorder of sexual differentiation in boys

A

Undescended testes

93
Q

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

A

Type IV

94
Q

Endometrial CA

A

Pure endometrial CA

95
Q

Esophageal atresia (type)

A

Type C (EA with distal TEF), then A, then E

96
Q

Fractured wrist bone

A

Scaphoid

97
Q

Gallbladder anomaly

A

Folded fundus

98
Q

Gallstone

A

Pigment (worldwide)

99
Q

Glucocorticoid in cancer therapy

A

Prednisone

100
Q

Glycosaminoglycan in vitreous

A

Hyaluronic acid

101
Q

Gynecologic malignancy

A

Endometrial CA

102
Q

Hemolytic transfusion reaction sign

A

Oliguria and hemoglobinuria

103
Q

Hereditary bleeding disorder

A

Von Willebrand disease

104
Q

Hodgkin��_s lymphoma

A

Nodular sclerosing

105
Q

Iatrogenically injured nerve

A

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

106
Q

ICA nonatherosclerotic disease

A

Fibromuscular dysplasia

107
Q

Infection following renal transplant

A

CMV (viral infection)

108
Q

Inguinal hernia

A

Indirect (2:1)

109
Q

Inherited B-cell defect

A

Isolated IgA deficiency

110
Q

Inherited hemolytic anemia

A

Hereditary spherocytosis (1st Aid CK)

111
Q

Inherited risk factor for peripheral vasc disease

A

Elevated lipoprotein A

112
Q

Injured major joint in the body

A

Ankle

113
Q

Injured nerve in lower limb

A

Common fibular (foot-drop)

114
Q

Intrinsic platelet defect

A

Storage pool disease

115
Q

Involved lobe in amebic liver abscess

A

R lobe

116
Q

Liver pathogens

A

E. coli, Klebsiella, and Proteus

117
Q

Lysosomal storage disease

A

Gaucher��_s disease

118
Q

Malignancy associated with erythroderma

A

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

119
Q

Malignancy associated with paraneoplastic pemphigus

A

Non-Hodgkin��_s lymphoma

120
Q

Malignancy in atomic blast survivors

A

AML and CML

121
Q

Malignancy in children

A

ALL

122
Q

Malignancy in chronic immunosuppression

A

Squamous cell CA (then PTLD)

123
Q

Malignancy in radiologists

A

AML and skin CA

124
Q

Malignancy of the palate

A

SCCA and minor salivary gland tumors

125
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Superfical spreading melanoma

126
Q

Metastasis of Lung CA

A

Adrenals

127
Q

Mineral deficiency in TPN

A

Zinc

128
Q

Neoplasm of the anterior mediastinum in adults

A

Thymoma

129
Q

Non-Hodgkin��_s Lymphoma

A

Follicular (small cleaved cell); t (14;18; bcl-2)

130
Q

Omental tumor

A

Metastatic CA

131
Q

Ovarian CA

A

Germinal epithelium

132
Q

Ovarian malignancy dx during pregnancy

A

Dysgerminoma (analogous to seminoma)

133
Q

Pancreatic endocrine neoplasm

A

Insulinoma

134
Q

PAOD etiology

A

Atherosclerosis (at femoral a. near adductor hiatus)

135
Q

Pathologic parasitic infection in humans

A

Giardiasis

136
Q

Pituitary tumor

A

Prolactinoma

137
Q

Post-splenectomy sepsis organisms

A

S. pneumo, H. influenza, N. meningitides

138
Q

Precursor of choriocarcinoma

A

Hydatidiform ole

139
Q

Presenting symptom of KUB cancers

A

Hematuria

140
Q

Primary bone malignancy

A

Multiple myeloma (1st Aid); 2nd: osteosarcoma

141
Q

Primary bone tumor in the elderly

A

Multiple myeloma

142
Q

Primary cardiac neoplasm

A

Myxoma

143
Q

Primary esophageal motility disorder

A

Nutcracker esophagus

144
Q

Primary lymphedema

A

Lymphedema praecox

145
Q

Pulmonary embolus origin

A

Above the knee (80%)

146
Q

Renal Cell CA

A

Clear Cell

147
Q

Renal malignancy of childhood

A

Wilms tumor

148
Q

Renal stone

A

Calcium

149
Q

Renal transplant complication [donors]

A

Wound finection

150
Q

Route of metastasis, papillary thyroid CA

A

Lymphatic

151
Q

Route of metastasis, soft tissue sarcoma

A

Hematogenous

152
Q

Sarcoma of small intestine in adults

A

Leiomyosarcoma

153
Q

Shoulder dislocation

A

Anterior

154
Q

Side of groin hernia

A

Right

155
Q

Side of varicocoele

A

Left (due to compression from sigmoid)

156
Q

Site of cervical CA

A

Transformation zone (spreads to obturator nodes)

157
Q

Site of colon CA

A

Rectosigmoid junction (2nd: cecum)

158
Q

Sites of copper deposition in Wilson��_s Disease

A

Descemet��_s membrane, Basal ganglia (esp. putamen)

159
Q

Site of diverticulosis

A

Sigmoid colon

160
Q

Site of ectopic pregnancy

A

Ampulla

161
Q

Site of endometriosis

A

Ovary (80%)

162
Q

Site of Familial adenomatous polyposis

A

Rectosigmoid colon

163
Q

Site of foreign body aspiration

A

Right main bronchus (except when lying on the L)

164
Q

Site of esophageal malignancy

A

Lower 3rd (mets to celiac nodes)

165
Q

Site of gastric ulcers

A

Lesser curvature, body, above incisura angularis, where parietal cells �_� G cells

166
Q

Site of duodenal ulcers

A

Anterior wall of duodenal cap (Posterior, according to Moore��_argh!)

167
Q

Site of duodenal ulcer perforation

A

Anterior wall

168
Q

Site of gastrinoma

A

Passaro��_s triangle

169
Q

Site of ischemic colitis

A

Left colon (esp. splenic flexure)

170
Q

Site of Kaposi��_s sarcoma in head and neck

A

Palate

171
Q

Site of lower limb vascular occlusion

A

Femoral artery at level of profunda femoris

172
Q

Site of multiple myeloma lesion

A

Vertebrae

173
Q

Site of nosebleed

A

Kiesselbach plexus

174
Q

Site of soft tissue sarcoma

A

Extremities

175
Q

Site of volvulus

A

Sigmoid colon

176
Q

Site of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

A

Pancreas

177
Q

Small intestine malignancy

A

Adenocarcinoma

178
Q

Small intestine malignancy in children

A

Lymphoma

179
Q

Small intestine tumor

A

Adenoma

180
Q

Soft tissue sarcoma of childhood

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

181
Q

Soft tissue sarcoma of adults (excluding Kaposi)

A

Malignant fibrous (2nd: liposarcoma)

182
Q

Solid tumor in children

A

Neuroblastoma

183
Q

Source of brain metastasis

A

Lung, breast, melanoma, kidney, GI

184
Q

Spinal muscle atrophy

A

Werdnig-Hoffman disease (Infantile motor neuron disease)

185
Q

Splenectomy complication

A

Atelectasis of L lower lung

186
Q

Surgery for sleep apnea

A

Uvulopalatoplasty (repair of soft palate collapse)

187
Q

Testicular CA in >60 years?

A

Lymphoma

188
Q

Testicular germ cell neoplasm

A

Seminoma (commonly on the R)

189
Q

Testicular CA in infants and children <3

A

Yolk sac CA

190
Q

Tibial fracture site

A

Junction of middle and lower segment

191
Q

Tumor in females

A

Leiomyoma

192
Q

Tumor in infants

A

Hemangioma

193
Q

Tumor of urinary collecting system

A

Transitional cell CA (associated with phenacetin abuse)

194
Q

Urinary diversion post-cystectomy

A

Ileal conduit (incontinent)

195
Q

Urine leakage injury

A

Type III (from straddle injury)

196
Q

Valvular lesion

A

MVP

197
Q

Valvular lesion in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

A

Aortic insufficiency

198
Q

Vasculitis (children)

A

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

199
Q

Vasculitis (general)

A

Temporal (giant cell) arteritis

200
Q

Viral cause of mental retardation

A

CMV

201
Q

Visceral artery aneurysm

A

Splenic artery aneurysm

202
Q

VSD

A

Membranous (Kaplan-Pedia; Robbins)

PBR Fast Review by Cliff (22 decks)

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