Associations (Diseases, Pathologies, Keywords) Flashcards
Abetalipoproteinemia
Acanthocyte
Visceral malignancy; also seen in DM
Acanthosis nigricans
APKD1; flank pain, hematuria, HTN, UTI, renal failure; polycystic liver disease, berry aneurysms, MVP
Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Albuminocytologic dissociation
TdT+; children
ALL
Auer rods; adults
AML
M3; t(15;17); tx with Retinoic acid
AML with DIC
M5 (
AML with gingival hyperplasia
A_ (A4) amyloid fibrils,
Alzheimer�s disease
Leishmaniasis (Tx: sodium stibogluconate)
Amastigotes
AL protein
Amyloidosis, primary
Amebic liver abscess
Anchovy paste aspirate
Polyvinyl chloride
Angiosarcoma of the liver
HLA-B27, Marie-Strumpell disease, bamboo spine
Ankylosing spondylisis
Coal-worker pneuomoconiosis
Anthracosis
CREST syndrome
Anticentromere antibody
Pemphigus vulgaris (deadly)
Antidesmosome IgG
Bullous pemphigoid (spares oral mucosa)
Antihemidesmosome IgG
Water-hammer pulse, Corrigan�s pulse; Quincke�s sign; DeMusset�s sign; Duroziez�s sign; Traube�s sign; Austin-Flint murmur; Hill�s sign; Muller sign, Bisferiens pulse
Aortic Regurgitation
Gallavardin�s phenomenon, soft S2, S4, forceful apex
Aortic stenosis
Colorectal CA
�Apple core� on abdominal Xray
Tuberous sclerosis
Ash-leaf spot
Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Legionella, viral
Atypical pneumonia
AML M3 (Acute promyelocytic leukemia)
Auer rods
Palisading nuclei, pearly papules, �rodent ulcer�
Basal Cell CA
Achalasia
�Bird-beak� X-ray
G6PD Deficiency
Bite cell
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
Black liver
Congenital rubella
�Blueberry Muffin� rash
RHD pericarditis
�Bread and butter� pericardium
Chordoma
�Bubble-bearing� cells
TTP, HUS
Burr cell
Glioblastoma multiforme
�Butterfly glioma�
Urinary 5-HIAA; wheezing, R-sided murmurs, diarrhea, flushing
Carcinoid syndrome
Distended bladder, flaccid rectal sphincter, perineal saddle anesthesia
Cauda equina syndrome
Antigliadin antibodies, B12 deficiency, dermatitis herpetiformis
Celiac disease
Headache, tinnitus, thrombocytopenia
Cinchonism
Avascular necrosis of femoral head
�Crescent sign� on X-ray
Taenia solium
Cysticercosis
Heliotrope rash, �shawl and face� rash, �risk of malignancy, � CK, � aldolase, (+) ANA, (+) anti-Jo-1
Dermatomyositis
Clear cell vaginal CA (in daughters)
DES exposure
Fascial soft tissue neoplasm, probably fibrosarcoma, tx wide excision with 2-4cm margin
Desmoid tumor
� width of GBM, Kimmelstein-Wilson lesions, necrobiosis lipoidica (shins), Armanni-Ebstein lesion
Diabetes Mellitus
ALL, AML; endocardial cushion defects
Down syndrome
Mulberry nodules, chocolate cysts, gunpowder-mark lesions
Endometriosis
Osteopetrosis
�Erlenmeyer flask� bones
Lyme disease
Erythema migrans (with target lesions)
In G6PD deficiency, hemolysis post-fava bean ingestion
Favism
Sickle cell anemia
Fish mouth vertebra
Malignant hypertension
Flea-bitten kidney
Oligodendroglioma, Multiple myeloma, Seminoma
�Fried egg� appearance
AdenoCA, Krukenberg tumors, Virchow�s node, linitis plastic, type A blood, liver mets, signet ring, acanthosis nigricans
Gastric CA
[arise from] Interstitial cell of Cajal
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
Necrolytic migratory erythema
Glucagonoma
Hepatitis B
�Ground glass� hepatocytes
Pneumocystis pneumonia or ARDS
�Ground glass� CXR
TRAP (Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase); splenomegaly (80%)
Hairy Cell Leukemia
Alcoholic cirrhosis
�Hobnail� liver
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Honeycomb lung
Heart failure cells (intraalveolar hemosiderin-laden macrophages); brown induration
Heart failure, left-sided
Nutmeg liver
Heart failure, right-sided
Thalassemia, Anemia of chronic disease, Iron deficiency, Lead poisoning (TAIL)
Helmet cell
Cirrhosis, DM, increased skin pigmentation
Hereditary hemochromatosis
Spectrin, ankyrin, band 3, protein 4.2 deficiency
Hereditary spherocytosis
Vitamin B12/Folate deficiency
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
�Ice cream cone� hip
Roth spots, splinter hemorrhages, Osler�s (painful, pads of fingers)), Janeway (painless, palms and soles)
Infective Endocarditis
Erythema multiforme minor
Iris/target lesions [derma]
Linitis plastica, diffusely infiltrative gastric CA
Leather bottle stomach
Flea-bitten kidney, �onion-skin�
Malignant hypertension
P. falciparum
Malignant malaria
Asbestosis
Malignant mesothelioma
Babesiosis
�Maltese cross� inclusions
�Coast of Maine� lesions, short stature, precocious puberty
McCune-Albright syndrome
Cystic fibrosis
Meconium ileus
Hyperphosphatemia
Metastatic calcification
Anti-nRNP/Anti-U1RNP; Raynaud�s arthralgia, esophageal hypomotility
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
Acute tubular necrosis
�Muddy brown� casts
Punched-out lesions, Bence-Jones protein, rouleaux formation, �fried-egg� plasma cells
Multiple Myeloma
Demyelination scattered about CNS white matter; internuclear ophthalmoplegia (MLF syndrome)
Multiple sclerosis
Neonatal hypersecretion of insulin; requires 95% pancreatectomy
Nesidioblastosis
Homer-Wright pseudorosettes, opsoclonus (dancing eyes), most common solid tumor in children, n-myc
Neuroblastoma
Noncaseating granuloma; Schaumann bodies; asteroid bodies; type IV reaction; Lupus pernio (violaceous, nose and ears)
Sarcoidosis
Anti-Scl-70 (in diffuse scleroderma)
Scleroderma
Giant cell tumor
Soap bubble appearance
Diabetes, steatorrhea, gallstones
Somatostatinoma
Cushing�s syndrome
Oat Cell Carcinoma
Ewing sarcoma
�Onion skin� pattern on X-ray
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
�Onion skin� bile duct
Eburnation, Heberden�s (DIP), Bouchard�s (PIP)
Osteoarthritis
Codman triangle, sunburst pattern
Osteosarcoma
Idiopathic crescentic GN, Churg-Strauss, Microscopic polyangitis, polyarteritis nodosa
P-ANCA
Scarlet fever
Pastia�s lines
Basal Cell CA
Pearly translucent papule with telangiectasia
Psoriatic arhtritis
�Pencil and cup� deformity
5_-reductase deficiency
�Penis at 12�
Urine metanephrine (most specific) or VMA; secretes NE extra-adrenally; Epi adrenally
Pheochromocytoma
Rosenthal fibers; common in children
Pilocytic astrocytoma
PTB
Pleural adenosine deaminase (increased)
CD8 T-cell induced muscle injury; progressive symmetric proximal weakness; anti-Jo-1
Polymyositis
Gliobastoma multiforme
Pseudopalisade
Hampton�s hump, Westermark�s sign; triad: hemoptysis, dyspnea, chest pain
Pulmonary embolism
Graham Steell murmur
Pulmonic Regurgitation
Takayasu�s arteritis
Pulseless disease
Hematuria, flank pain, flank mass
Renal Cell CA
Aschoff bodies (classic), Anitschkow�s cells (pathognomonic), MacCallum plaque, Sydenham�s chorea
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Rachitic rosary (also in scurvy), Harrison groove, pigeon breast, short stature, craniotabes, late fontanelle closure
Rickets
Basal cell CA
�Rodent ulcer�
Malignant Melanoma
S-100 tumor marker
Secondary amyloidosis
Sago spleen
�Pasted on� lesions; horn cysts, older persons
Seborrheic keratosis
�Crew cut� x-ray, missense mutation (Glu�Val), Salmonella osteomyelitis, malaria-resistant
Sickle-cell anemia
Krukenberg tumor, Gastric CA
Signet-ring cells
Birefringent silica particles
Silicosis
Anti-SS-A (Ro), Anti-SS-B (La)
Sjogren�s syndrome
ANA (sensitive but not specific, anti-dsDNA (specific and prognostic), anti-Sm (specific but not prognostic)
SLE
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma
CLL
Smudge cells
TAPVR
�Snowman� heart
Cryptococcus meningitis
�Soap bubble� lesion in brain
Membranous GN
�Spike and dome� appearance
Chronic constrictive pericarditis
�Square root sign� [equalization of pressures]
Burkitt�s lymphoma
Starry-sky appearance
SBO
Stepladder appearance
Trichomoniasis
Strawberry cervix
Cholesterolosis
Strawberry gallbladder
Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease
Strawberry tongue
Crohn Disease
�String� sign in terminal ileum
Urease-positive bugs (Proteus, Klebsiella, Staph, Providencia, Pseudomonas); staghorn calculus
Struvite (Mg Ammonium Phosphate) stones
Osteosarcoma
�Sunburst� pattern
Cysticercosis
�Swiss Cheese� brain
Anti-Scl-70
Systemic Sclerosis
HbC disease, Asplenia, Liver disease, Thalassemia (HALT)
Target cell
Erythema multiforme, Lyme disease
Target lesions
Chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis / Myeloid metaplasia
Teardrop-shaped erythrocytes
Epiglottitis
Thumb sign
Struma ovarii
Thyroid tissue in ovary
Pyelonephritis
Thyroidization of kidney
Chlamydia trachomatis (A-C)
Trachoma
Membranoproliferative GN
Tram-track appearance
_-naphthalene exposure
Transitional cell CA
Syphilitic aortitis
Tree-bark aorta
Tumbling motility, strawberry cervix
Trichomonas vaginalis
Fever, purpura, hemolytic anemia, hematuria, neurologic changes
TTP pentad
Ash-leaf spot, Shagreen�s area, Koenen�s tumor
Tuberous sclerosis
Gastric antral vascular ectasia (Tx: antrectomy)
Watermelon stomach
C-ANCA
Wegener�s granulomatosis
Pyelonephritis (pathognomonic)
White cell casts
Type IV Lupus nephropathy (diffuse proliferative)
Wire-loop abnormality
Schiller-Duval bodies
Yolk sac tumor
Schwannoma
�Zebra stripes� neural tumor