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I&P Year 2 > Promoting Health > Flashcards

Promoting Health Flashcards

1
Q

Define: health promotion

A

The process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health

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2
Q

What are the 5 components of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion?

A
  1. Developing personal skills
  2. Strengthening community action
    a) Provide info - encourage older people to exercise
    b) Consult - obtain public feedback
    c) Involving patients as partners - increase their compliance
    d) Patient empowerment
  3. Creating supportive environments - schools creating healthy eating environments
  4. Building healthy public policy
  5. Re-orientating health services - making governments responsible for prevention as well as health services
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3
Q

Name the 5 approaches to health promotion

A
  1. Medical or preventative
  2. Behaviour change
  3. Educational
  4. Empowerment
  5. Social change
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4
Q

Describe the: medical approach

A
  1. Primary level - preventing onset of disease
  2. Secondary level - detecting + treating pre-symptomatic diseases
  3. Tertiary level - minimising effects of disease
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5
Q

What are the disadvantages of the medical approach?

A
  • Lead by health professionals - paternalistic
  • Based on the medical definition of health (absence of disease/infirmity)
  • Ignores the social determinants of health
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6
Q

Describe the: behavioural change approach

A
  • Focuses of individuals
  • Attitudes -> behaviour -> responsibility -> choice
  • E.g. Stopping smoking/drinking
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7
Q

What are the disadvantages of the behavioural approach?

A
  • Success is dependent on the individual

- Ignores the social determinants of health

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8
Q

Describe the: educational approach

A
  • Enables individuals to make informed choices so it avoids persuasion
  • Information -> knowledge -> skills
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9
Q

What are the disadvantages of behavioural approach?

A
  • Relies on individuals to make the right choice

- Little on the social determinants of health

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10
Q

Describe the: empowerment approach

A
  • Enables people to identify + address their concerns
  • Healthier choices -> healthier outcomes
  • Recognises the social determinants of health
  • Recognises the role of ‘community champions’
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11
Q

Describe the: social change approach

A
  • Change society, not individuals
  • Physical + social environment –> healthier choices
  • Needs public + political support e.g. changes in legislation
  • Government works with companies e.g. fast food places
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12
Q

What are the key objectives of health promotion?

A
  1. Prevent disease - medical or preventative
  2. Ensure people are well informed/able to make healthy choices - behaviour change + educational
  3. Help people acquire the skills + confidence to take greater control over their health - education + empowerment
  4. Change policies + environments to facilitate healthy choices - empowerment + social change
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13
Q

What are the problems in evaluating health intervention programmes?

A
  • May involve v long-term changes
  • Outcomes are not easily measured/defined
  • Different stakeholders + staff members may have different goals
  • Evaluation can be expensive + resource consuming
  • Difficult to control external influences
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14
Q

What is evaluation in health promotion?

A

The systematic collection of information about a health intervention to enable stakeholders

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15
Q

Describe: The Asch Experiment (1952)

A

What others think and do can change our behaviour

Everyone was asked a question and the rest of the group answer wrong - the participant agrees with the wrong answer

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16
Q

What is the aim of marketing?

A

To increase sales, not change behaviour

17
Q

What is social marketing?

A

Used to address a lack of knowledge
It is marketing an idea, not a product
E.g. advertising the number of units in alcohol in order to lower people’s drinking

18
Q

What is the social norms approach?

A

Addressing misperceptions of the norm
Reflecting a positive behaviour fact about the population
E.g. 3 out of 4 teenagers feel uncomfortable refusing a drink (social norms) vs.
Reputations arent drunk proof (social marketing)

19
Q

What is the method of the social norms approach

A
  1. Preparation - define the problem, understand the population, include what people do and what they believe (descriptive + injunctive norms)
  2. Data collection - on what the behaviour is + what the perception is
  3. Data analysis at baseline - evidence of misperceptions
  4. Intervention - challenge the misperceptions
  5. Follow-up + evaluation
20
Q

What are the challenges involved in the social norms approach?

A
  • Not well evaluated

- Differentiating pure social norms approach interventions from complex interventions (and interpreting results)

I&P Year 2 (11 decks)

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