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I&P Year 2 > Improving Health Services > Flashcards

Improving Health Services Flashcards

1
Q

Define: qualitative research

A

The collection and analysis of non-numerical information via formal research methods.

There is no hypothesis

Allows the researcher to gain understanding of population’s behaviours, attitudes, experiences.

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2
Q

Give examples of qualitative data

A 
Interviews
Case notes
Video diaries 
Letters
Conversations
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3
Q

Define: themes

A

Recurrent + distinctive features of participants’ accounts that are relevant to the research
Can reflect a pattern of responses/meaning in data

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4
Q

How are themes identified?

A

Immersing in the data - re-reading transcripts to understand their content
Coding transcripts - identifying interesting data until no new ideas emerge
Organising codes into categories
Generating themes - interpret the relationships between categories

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5
Q

How are themes different to categories?

A

Themes are broader + include interpretation or development of arguments about a phenomenon

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6
Q

When are qualitative methods most useful?

A

When the research topic is:

  • Concerned with interaction or process
  • Complex e.g. interviews can explain why people behave in certain ways
  • Non-quantifiable e.g. religious values
  • Sensitive e.g. abortion - needs to explore factors affecting choices + opinions

When the research objective is to:

  • Interpret, illuminate, illustrate
  • Understand how or why
  • Explore understudied research areas
  • Learn about hard to reach people e.g. minority ethnic groups
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7
Q

What are the limitations of qualitative research findings?

A

Generalisabiity

  • Sample selection based on certain experiences so is not random
  • Sample selection often small

Reliability
- Findings based on interpretations by the researcher

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8
Q

What are the strengths of qualitative research findings?

A
  • Robust methodologies
  • Offers deeper understanding
  • Unpredictable + insightful
  • Usually unobtainable using quantitative approaches based on preconceived ideas
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9
Q

Define: commissioning

A

Activities required to:

  • Assess the needs of a population
  • Specify the services required to meet those needs within a strategic framework
  • Secure (buy) those services
  • Monitor + evaluate the outcomes
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10
Q

Define: purchasing

A

Buying or funding services in response to demand or usage

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11
Q

Define: contracting

A

Selecting a provider, negotiating + agreeing the terms of a contract for services, and ongoing management of contract

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12
Q

Define: procurement

A

Identifying a supplier

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13
Q

What is the commissioning cycle?

A

Planning –> procurement –> monitoring

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14
Q

What are the steps in planning?

A
  • Health needs assessment
  • Reviewing current provision
  • Identifying gaps + priorities
  • Capacity planning
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15
Q

What are the steps in procurement?

A
  • Service design/redesign
  • Defining contracts
  • Procuring appropriate services
  • Managing demand
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16
Q

What are the steps in monitoring?

A
  • Monitoring activity + quality
  • Invoicing + payment
  • User + local authority views
  • Feedback
17
Q

What are the key points to make commissioning successful?

A
  • Patients at heart
  • Multi-disciplinary approach
  • Outcomes focused
18
Q

What 3 things need to be done to improve and promote health?

A
  1. Change behaviour
  2. Create an environment in which the healthy choice is easiest
  3. Counter + reduce individual + population exposure to risks to health
19
Q

What 2 categories can community action be broadly grouped into?

A
  1. Geographical - local community e.g. save our playing field
  2. Community of interest e.g. larger national charities such as NSPCC, women’s groups, carer’s groups
20
Q

What is the voluntary, community and social enterprise sector?

A
  • Self-governing organisations
  • Work delivered for the public benefit
  • Independence of both formal structures of government and profit sector
  • Important reliance on volunteers to carry out the work
21
Q

Give examples of aspects of using the sector

A
  1. Peer support - between people with similar condition/experience
  2. Self-management education - develop skills to manage conditions
  3. Health coaching - help people set goals/take actions for their health
  4. Group activities to promote health + wellbeing - exercise classes + cookery clubs
22
Q

What are the benefits of using the sector?

A
  1. Mental + physical health and well-being - better health management, reduced social isolation
  2. Financial sustainability - can lead to reduced demand on services
  3. Wider social value - improving employment prospects, increasing school attendance

I&P Year 2 (11 decks)

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