Prologue+ Ch 1+ Ch 2 vocab Flashcards
structuralism
an early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Tichener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind
Functionalism
an early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish
Behaviorism
the view that psychology should be an objective science (1) that studies behavior without reference to mental processes (2)
John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner
most psychologists today agree with 1 but not 2
Behaviorism
the view that psychology should be an objective science (1) that studies behavior without reference to mental processes (2)
John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner
most psychologists today agree with 1 but not 2
evolutionary psychology
the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using the principles of natural selection
focus on how we are alike
behavior genetics
the study of relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior
focus on how we differ due to our genes and environment
biopsychosocial approach
an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis
levels of analysis
the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon
hindsight bias
the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have forseen it
aka the “I knew it all along” phenomenon
Overconfidence
thinking we know more than we do
Percieving Order in Random Events
random sequences often don’t look random, we are prone to pattern-seeking
population
all those in a group being studied, from which random samples may be drawn
random sample
a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
confounding variable
a factor other than the factor being studied that might influence a study’s results
mode
most frequently occuring scores
