Development (Lecture + Chapter)

Question 1

Germinal (Zygotic) Period

Answer 1

around the 9th day the ball of cells implants in the uterus and cells quickly start to specialize

conception-2 wks

Question 2

Embryonic Period

Answer 2

sensitive period, cells are developing quickly and creating organ systems

2-8 wks

Question 3

Fetal Period

Answer 3

8 weeks on, growth and maturation

Question 4

Rubella

Answer 4

can damage the brain, auditory+visual systems, the whole body

Question 5

Thalidomide Experiment

Answer 5

drug given to pregnant women to prevent miscarriage and caused babies to be born without arms or legs

Question 6

Toxoplasmosis

Answer 6

Causes seizures and CP

from undercooked meat and cat feces

Question 7

Herpes

Answer 7

may require C-section if there are open sores

Question 8

DES

Answer 8

was prescribed to prevent miscarriage but caused cervical problems, can cause testicular and penile cancer

Question 9

Aspirin

Answer 9

blood thinner, heart defects, hemorraging after birth

Question 10

Caffeine

Answer 10

raised heart rate, sleep issues

fetus’ cannot break down caffeine, it can last days in the embryo

Question 11

Cocaine

Answer 11

abortion, low birth weight, preterm birth, urogenital and digestive system issues, higher risk of cerebral hemorrhage

Question 12

Alcohol

Answer 12

associated w FAS, small baby w small brain+head, wide-set eyes, cognitive development issues (memory, learning, attention span, communication), vision and hearing issues

Question 13

Cigarettes

Answer 13

not enough oxygen in the lungs = not enough oxygen in embryo+uterus, small baby, shorter gestation, higher risk of SID, childhood cancers, and cleft palate

Question 14

secure attachment

Answer 14

-social referencing
-cries when parent leaves
-does not like strangers
-happy to see parent when they come back

Question 15

Avoidant Attachment

Answer 15

-does not use parent as secure base
-more accepting of strangers
-not happy to see the parent

Question 16

Resistant Attachment

Answer 16

-clingy, fussy, generally unhappy
-hangs onto the parent
-cries when parent leaves but does not settle when parent comes back
-is anxious and not content w parent

Question 17

-Disorganized/Disoriented

Answer 17

-rigid with people they know
-looks dazed/disoriented
-has the worst pattern of development w/ this type of attachment

Question 18

-Spitz, Failure to Thrive

Answer 18

babies w lack of mothering + contact comfort have developmental delays

studied prisons and orphanages

Question 19

Skeels, Longitudial Study of early deprivation

Answer 19

babies taken to adult institution did better than at the orphanage bc they were taken care of by the women there

Question 20

Stages of Cognitive Development

Answer 20

sensorimotor (birth- 2 yrs), preoperational (2-7), concrete operational (7-11), formal operational (11+)

Question 21

Sensorimotor

Answer 21

egocentric, no object permanence, basic pretend play, imitation

birth-2 yrs

Question 22

Pre-Operational

Answer 22

intuitive reasoning, pretend play, big imagination, language development, not good at logical thinking (such as three mountains task and conservation of liquid test

2-7 yrs

Question 23

Concrete Operational

Answer 23

can think logically if right in front of them, not good w hypotheticals

7-11 yrs

Question 24

Formal Operational

Answer 24

abstract thinking, can think logically about hypotheticals

11+

Question 25

Piaget Stages of Moral Reasoning

Answer 25

-Moral Realism (4-7)- kids do not understand intention, rules are carved in stone
-Morality of Reciprocity (10 and up)- kids start to understand intention, realize rules can be bent/altered

Question 26

Lvl 1: Pre-Conventional

Kohlberg’s Stages

Answer 26

1. Punishment Obedience Orientation- shouldn’t do something because one could get punished, worried about consequences
2. Market Place Punishment- this for that, bargaining, what’s in it for me

Question 27

Lvl 2: Conventional

Kohlberg Stages

Answer 27

3. Good Boy/Good Girl Orientation- worry about what other people think of you, especially parents/friends; “I won’t cheat so I don’t get caught”
4. Social Order- focus on rules as rigid, “Don’t cheat because there’s a rule against it”

women tend to gravitate towards “good-girl, good-boy orientation”

Question 28

Lvl 3: Postconventional

Answer 28

5. Social Contract: Rules are agreements between people; people can agree to change them or to make new ones
6. Universal Ethic (Principled) Orientation: Don’t care about the rules, laws, or about other’s opinions; a person has internalized their own rule system/their own developed sense of social justice

Question 29

Gilligan’s View of Moral Reasoning

Answer 29

believes there are gender differences in moral reasoning, males see the world as a hierarchy of power while women see the world as a series of interconnected relationships

Question 30

Dementia

Answer 30

causes loss of cognitive ability, loss of memory, loss being plan-full, thinking/reasoning/problem solving becomes increasingly impaired

you can have more than one type, going to a dr. early helps

polypharmacy can lead to dementia

Question 31

Alzheimer’s

Answer 31

causes dementia, progessive decline that can be slowed by medications… incurable, unstoppable, fatal
-brain deterioration, neurofibrillary tangles present + the buildup of amyloid plaques
-lowered levels of acetylcholine+ serotonin
-depression

Question 32

Kubler-Ross’s Stages

Answer 32

-Denial
-Anger
-Bargaining
-Depression
-Acceptance