Prologue

Question 1

empiricism

Answer 1

the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should therefore rely on observation and experimentation. john locke’s “blank slate”

Question 2

structuralism

Answer 2

titchener (student of Wundt)’s concept of self-reflective introspection

Question 3

functionalism

Answer 3

considering the evolved function of thoughts and feelings - thinking developed bc it was adaptive, contributing to survival. how mental/behavior processes enable organism to adapt, survive, flourish.

Question 4

humanistic psychology

Answer 4

peaked in 60s/70s, focusing on spirituality and free will, humans strive to be the best we can be (this is called self-actualization). happiness is defined by distance between “self-concept” and “ideal self”. importance of meeting needs for love/acceptance, environmental influences

Question 5

nature-nurture issue

Answer 5

biology vs. experience - do I act this way bc I was born this way or bc of my surroundings?

Question 6

natural selection

Answer 6

nature selects chance variations in organisms that best enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment

Question 7

levels of analysis

Answer 7

psychological - learned expectations, emotional responses, cognitive process, interpretations

biological - genetic predispositions, natural selection of adaptive physiology/behaviors

social-cultural - cultural, societal, family expectations, compelling models, peer influence

Question 8

bio psychosocial approach

Answer 8

different levels of analysis from this integrated approach, considers all influences and factors each providing a valuable vantage point

Question 9

basic research

Answer 9

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Question 10

applied research

Answer 10

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Question 11

counseling psychology

Answer 11

a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (school, work or marriage etc) and achieving greater well-being

Question 12

clinical psychology

Answer 12

branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

Question 13

psychiatry

Answer 13

branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders, practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy

Question 14

psychology

Answer 14

scientific study of behavior and mental processes; of inner feelings/behaviors