Chapter 12 - Motivation and Work Flashcards
instinct
A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
Drive reduction theory
The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of biochemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
incentive
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
hierarchy of needs
Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
glucose
The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger
Setpoint
The point at which an individual’s weight thermostat is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight
basal metabolic rate
The body’s resting rate of energy expenditure
anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder in which a normal weight person (usually and adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15% or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve
bulimia nervosa
an eating disorder characterized by episodes of over eating, usually of high calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise
Motivation
A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
sexual response cycle
four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson – excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
refractory period
a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm
sexual disorder
A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning
estrogen
sex hormone, secreted in the greater amounts by females than by males. In non-human female mammals, estrogen levels picturing ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity
testosterone
The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty
sexual response cycle
four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson – excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
refractory period
a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm
sexual disorder
A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning
estrogen
sex hormone, secreted in the greater amounts by females than by males. In non-human female mammals, estrogen levels picturing ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity
testosterone
The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty
sexual orientation
enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation)
flow
A completely involved, focus state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self in time, resulting from optimal engagement of one skills
industrial organizational psychology
The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior and workplaces
personnel psychology
subfield of industry organizational psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development
organizational psychology
subfield of industrial organizational psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change
structured interviews
interview process the asks the same job relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established skills
achievement motivation
The desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a higher standard
task leadership
goal oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals
social leadership
Group oriented leadership the builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offer support
