Chapter 11 - Intelligence Flashcards
Factor analysis
statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie ones total score
General intelligence (g)
General intelligence factor that according to spearmen and others underlie specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
savant syndrome
The condition in which a person otherwise Limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing
emotional intelligence
ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
creativity
The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
intelligence test
a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitude and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores
mental age
A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. Thus, a child who does as well as the average eight-year-old said to have a mental image of 8
Stanford-Binet
widely used American revision (by Termin at Stanford University) of Binet’s original intelligence test
intelligence quotient (IQ)
defined originally as the ratio of mental age (Ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, IQ = ma/ca X 100). on contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned score of 100
aptitude test
A test designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn
achievement test
Test designed to assess what a person has learned
Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS)
the WAIS is the most widely used intelligence test; contains a verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests
standardization
defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested standardization group
normal curve
The symmetrical bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes
reliability
The extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, or alternate forms of the test, or on retesting
validity
The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
content validity
extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest (such as a driving test that samples driving tasks)
criterion
The behavior (such as future college grades) that a test (such as the SAT) is designed to predict; thus, the measure used in defining whether the test has predictive validity
predictive validity
The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. (Also called criterion related validity)
mental retardation
A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligent score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound
down syndrome
A condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one’s genetic makeup
stereotype threat
A self confirming concerned that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
intelligence
mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
