Prokaryotic Vs Eukaryotic

Question 1

cell theory

Answer 1

• fundamental unit of life
• all organisms are composed of cells
• all cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 2

prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

• arches and bacteria
• no nucleus or other membrane bound compartments

Question 3

3 domains of life

Answer 3

Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya

Question 4

Mycoplasma

Answer 4

p
bacteria that lacks a cell wall
= this makes them unaffected by some antibiotics such as penicillin

Question 5

What is a capsule

Answer 5

p
layer of slime enclosing the cell wall made mostly of polysaccharides

Question 6

What does the capsule do

Answer 6

p
- can protects bacteria from attack by white blood cells
-prevents drying and attach to other cells
- not necessary for the survival

Question 7

Cyanobacteria

Answer 7

p
highly organised systems of internal membranes that are able to carry out photosynthesis

Question 8

What is a flagella

Answer 8

p
locomotory structure shaped like a corkscrew

Question 9

What is a pili

Answer 9

p
threadlike structure that enables bacteria to adhere one another during exchange of genetic material

Question 10

What are inclusions

Answer 10

p
deposits often found in the cytoplasm
- they can include reverse of lipids, starch or glycogen

Question 11

Endospores

Answer 11

p
within vegetative cells
- highly resistant to environmental stress
- become metabolically active and divide if external conditions become favourable

Question 12

Both contain

Answer 12

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes

Question 13

Nucleus

Answer 13

e
- genetic information
- replication and first steps of decoding it for protein production take place here

Question 14

Nucleolus

Answer 14

region in the nucleus that begins the assembly of ribosomes from RNA and specific proteins

Question 15

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 15

• ribosomes on outer surface
• segregates newly synthesised proteins away from the cytoplasm and transports them around the cell
• inside proteins can be chemically modified to alter their function and destination

Question 16

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 16

• lack ribosomes
• modification of small molecules taken into the cell
• site for hydrolysis of glycogen in ac
• site for photosynthesis of lipids and steroids

Question 17

Where are ribosomes found in p

Answer 17

float freely in the cytoplasm

Question 18

Where are ribosomes found in e

Answer 18

1. cytoplasm free or attached
2. inside the mitochondria and chloroplast

Question 19

Golgi apparatus

Answer 19

Flattened membranous sacs = cisternae
- receives proteins from the RER, packages and sends them to their final destination
- transported into and out by budding of the membrane

Question 20

Lysosomes

Answer 20

vesicle containing digestive enzymes
site for
- breakdown of food and foreign material brought into the cell by phagocytosis
- digestion of the cells own material - autophagy

Question 21

Vacuoles

Answer 21

• strorage
• structure
• reproduction
• digestion

Question 22

Chloroplasts

Answer 22

plants and protists
- site of photosynthesis

Question 23

Plastids

Answer 23

organelles only found in plants and some protists
e.g chloroplasts

Question 24

Mitochondria

Answer 24

independent genome
energy stored in bonds of carbohydrates and fatty acids converted into a better form (ATP) by ATP synthase

Question 25

Similarities between e and p

Answer 25

• ribosomes
• membrane bound
• DNA as their genetic material

Question 26

Differences between e and p

Answer 26

• e have nucleus and membrane organelles, p does not
• DNA in e inside the nucleus, whereas p floats freely
• organelles of e allow exhibit of much higher levels of intracellular division of labour than p