Prokaryotic Vs Eukaryotic Flashcards
cell theory
- fundamental unit of life
- all organisms are composed of cells
- all cells come from pre-existing cells
prokaryotic cells
- arches and bacteria
- no nucleus or other membrane bound compartments
3 domains of life
Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya
Mycoplasma
p
bacteria that lacks a cell wall
= this makes them unaffected by some antibiotics such as penicillin
What is a capsule
p
layer of slime enclosing the cell wall made mostly of polysaccharides
What does the capsule do
p
- can protects bacteria from attack by white blood cells
-prevents drying and attach to other cells
- not necessary for the survival
Cyanobacteria
p
highly organised systems of internal membranes that are able to carry out photosynthesis
What is a flagella
p
locomotory structure shaped like a corkscrew
What is a pili
p
threadlike structure that enables bacteria to adhere one another during exchange of genetic material
What are inclusions
p
deposits often found in the cytoplasm
- they can include reverse of lipids, starch or glycogen
Endospores
p
within vegetative cells
- highly resistant to environmental stress
- become metabolically active and divide if external conditions become favourable
Both contain
Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes
Nucleus
e
- genetic information
- replication and first steps of decoding it for protein production take place here
Nucleolus
region in the nucleus that begins the assembly of ribosomes from RNA and specific proteins
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- ribosomes on outer surface
- segregates newly synthesised proteins away from the cytoplasm and transports them around the cell
- inside proteins can be chemically modified to alter their function and destination
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
- lack ribosomes
- modification of small molecules taken into the cell
- site for hydrolysis of glycogen in ac
- site for photosynthesis of lipids and steroids
Where are ribosomes found in p
float freely in the cytoplasm
Where are ribosomes found in e
- cytoplasm free or attached
- inside the mitochondria and chloroplast
Golgi apparatus
Flattened membranous sacs = cisternae
- receives proteins from the RER, packages and sends them to their final destination
- transported into and out by budding of the membrane
Lysosomes
vesicle containing digestive enzymes
site for
- breakdown of food and foreign material brought into the cell by phagocytosis
- digestion of the cells own material - autophagy
Vacuoles
- strorage
- structure
- reproduction
- digestion
Chloroplasts
plants and protists
- site of photosynthesis
Plastids
organelles only found in plants and some protists
e.g chloroplasts
Mitochondria
independent genome
energy stored in bonds of carbohydrates and fatty acids converted into a better form (ATP) by ATP synthase
Similarities between e and p
- ribosomes
- membrane bound
- DNA as their genetic material
Differences between e and p
- e have nucleus and membrane organelles, p does not
- DNA in e inside the nucleus, whereas p floats freely
- organelles of e allow exhibit of much higher levels of intracellular division of labour than p
