Egg to organism

Question 1

Features of an egg

Answer 1

half of nuclear dna
cytoplasm
- organelles
- nutrients
- mRNA ans proteins

Question 2

Features of sperm

Answer 2

Half of nuclear DNA
- centriole

Question 3

cleavage in mammals

Answer 3

slow, asynchronous and rotational
= results in blastocyst

Question 4

The blastocyst 5-6 days after fertilisation

Answer 4

• inner cell mass forms embryo
• Trophoblast contributes to placenta and umbilical cord
• Blastocyst cavity contains factors for cellular differentiation

Question 5

The blastocyst 5-6 days after fertilisation

Answer 5

• inner cell mass forms embryo
• Trophoblast contributes to placenta and umbilical cord
• Blastocyst cavity contains factors for cellular differentiation

Question 6

Gastrulation

Answer 6

formation of tissue layers

Question 7

Germ layers

Answer 7

Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm

Question 8

What will ectoderm form

Answer 8

epidermal layer of skin

Question 9

what will endoderm form

Answer 9

lining of the gut, liver and lungs

Question 10

what will mesoderm form

Answer 10

muscle, bone, kidneys, blood, gonads and connective tissues

Question 11

epiboly

Answer 11

flattening and extension of cells that occur on the outside of the blastula

Question 12

convergent extension

Answer 12

intercalation of cells in the direction of movement that drives involution

Question 13

How is gastrulation initiated

Answer 13

fertilisation triggers the rotation of the cortical cytoplasm that leads to formation of the grey crescent

Question 14

Neurulation

Answer 14

formation of organs and their systems

Question 15

what happens during neurulation

Answer 15

the ectoderm caves in and folds over to create the neural tube

Question 16

What are somites

Answer 16

segments of mesodermal tissue that form along the length of the neural tube

Question 17

formation of the somites induces…

Answer 17

body segmentation

Question 18

How genes

Answer 18

group of related genes that control the body plan of an embryo along their anterior - posterior axis

Question 19

Three permanent layers of plant development

Answer 19

dermal, ground and vascular

Question 20

Two meristems

Answer 20

regions containing undifferentiated cells that will continue to give rise to new tissues and orchestrate growth

Question 21

Dermal tissue

Answer 21

covers and protects the plant, and controls gas exchange and water absorption

Question 22

Ground tissue

Answer 22

• structural support
• carries out photosynthesis
• stores water and nutrients

Question 23

Vascular tissue

Answer 23

• transports water, minerals and sugars to different parts of the plant

Question 24

How does tissue morphology arise in plants

Answer 24

from the regulation of cell division and cell elongation

Question 25

Shaping plant tissue

Answer 25

plant cells do not use cell migration to organise tissues due to their rigid cell walls