prokaryotic cells (cell structure)

Question 1

what cells are prokaryotic

Answer 1

bacteria cells

Question 2

what 6 organelles are absent in prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

• nucleus
• mitochondria
• chloroplasts
• RER
• SER
• Golgi body

Question 3

which is smaller. eukaryotic cells or bacterial cells

Answer 3

bacterial cells (they cant be seen down light mscope)

Question 4

what does pathogenic mean

Answer 4

bacteria that are harmful to human health

Question 5

structure + function of bacterial cell wall

Answer 5

made of peptidoglycan, which contains carbs + aa’s
function - keeps some substances out of cell. stops the cell bursting if it takes in water by osmosis, holds the cells shape.

Question 6

structure + function of bacterial plasma membrane

Answer 6

made of phospholipid bilayer + proteins. selectively permeable
function - controls which molecules enter + leave the cell.

Question 7

structure + function of bacterial chromosome

Answer 7

made of long circular DNA molecule found in the nucleoid.
function - contains genes needed for cell to grow and reproduce.

Question 8

structure + function of bacterial plasmid

Answer 8

a small circular DNA, found in some bacteria cells.
function - carries genes in addition to those in the main chromosome

Question 9

structure + function of slime capsule

Answer 9

slimy + waxy layer found outside the cell wall of some bacteria.
function - protects cell from drying out. makes cell slippery so its harder for WBCs to engulf them (phagocytosis)

Question 10

structure + function of bacterial ribosomes

Answer 10

made of RNA + protein. smaller size (70s) than eukaryotic ribosomes

Question 11

structure + function of bacterial flagellum

Answer 11

found in some bacteria cells. made from protein flagellin, giving rigid corkscrew shape. function - rotates the base allowing the bacterium to move through fluids. (these flagella are different to eukaryotic cells flagellum. they have a more complex 9+2 structure called undulipodia)

Question 12

structure + function of bacterial pili

Answer 12

small hair like rod structures.
function - used for cell to cell attachment. sex pili are used for conjugation - the passing of plasmids between prokaryotic cells.

Question 13

bacteria have no nucleus, so they do cell division differently to eukaryotic cells. (no nucleus so no mitosis). what’s the name of the bacterial cell division process

Answer 13

binary fission.

Question 14

how often do bacteria reproduce

Answer 14

every 20 mins in optimum conditions

Question 15

what’s an example of a resistant bacteria

Answer 15

MRSA

Question 16

name 3 diseases caused by bacteria

Answer 16

sepsis. pneumonia, UTI

Question 17

what is the endosymbiont theory

Answer 17

mitochondria + chloroplasts and maybe other eukaryotic organelles were formerly free living bacteria. the theory is that these prokaryotes were taken inside another cell as an endosymbiont - an organism that lives within the body or cells of another organism. eventually leading to the evolution of eukaryotic cells