Prokaryotes & Viruses Flashcards
Lytic life cycle
- Attachment: bacteriophage contacts the bacterial cell wall and attaches to the host bacterium using its tail fibers
- Viral genome entry: phage uses its tail sheth to inject its genome into the cytoplasm of the bacterial host
- Host genome degradation: viral enzymes degrade the host genome into its nucleotide components to provide the building blocks for replication of the viral genome
- Synthesis: Loss of bacterial chromosome ends the synthesis of host molecules; ribosomes begin to synthesize the components needed for new viral progeny
- Release: Many newly assembled viral progeny (virions) are released as the bacterium disintegrates (lysis) due to the action of lysozymes on the host cell wall
Bacteria
Cell type: unicellular
Nucleus: absent
Organelles: absent
Cell wall with peptidoglycan: present
Method of cellular division: binary fission
Chromosome: circular
Archaea
Cell type: unicellular
Nucleus: absent
Organelles: absent
Cell wall with peptidoglycan: absent
Method of cellular division: binary fission
Chromosome: circular
Eukarya
Cell type: unicellular or multicellular
Nucleus: present
Organelles: present
Cell wall with peptidoglycan: absent
Method of cellular division: mitosis
Chromosome: linear
Viruses contain
DNA, RNA, and proteins
Viruses differ from prions in that:
Unlike viruses, prions do not contain nucleic acid
Vector
Not precise enough to insert the exact sequence and having 79 exons makes anything too large for it to be inserted by a vector
Percentage of plasmids that became cloned
Number of white colonies (9), divided by the total number of colonies (39) = 25%
Loss of ampicillin resistance gene
Most likely kill the cell, not cause it to produce a white colony
Transfer of a complete plasmid
Would result in a blue colony
Glucose’s isomers
Namely fructose and galactose
Paramecium cells
Only cells that can survive independently for an extended period of time; tissue cells need to interact with neighboring cells
