Enzymatic Function Flashcards
Allosteric effectors
Bind to proteins at one site and cause a change in the shape (conformational) of the protein at another site, thereby altering its ability to function
Beta blockers bind to:
Active sites on adrenergic beta-receptors
Beta blockers are also competitive antagonists, meaning they act at active sites
Michaelis-Menten
Saturation curve with one line, depicting different concentrations
Inhibitors
Slow down the rate of inter conversion, enzymes do not change the equilibrium of a reaction
Proteases
Has proteolytic function, cleaves other proteins
Transferases
Move functional groups from one molecule to another
Hydrogenases
Convert molecular hydrogen to protons and electrons via heterolytic splitting
Isomerases
Catalyze reactions that rearrange connections within the molecule it acts on
What part of a cell contribute to plaque formation
Extracellular space
Increasing concentration (Michaelis Menten)
Increasing the concentration above that at which Vmax has been attained, then Vmax would be not affected
Relationship between IC50 and Ca2+
The lower the IC50, the higher the affinity for Ca2+ ions
If you add an inhibitor to a reaction coordinate diagram:
The activation energy would increase
Lysosomes
Responsible for the breakdown of certain tagged proteins within the cell, as well as for endocytic vesicles and bacterial components
- Contain digestive enzymes and are maintained at a pH that differs from the cell (site of protein degradation)
Golgi apparatus
Participates in protein maturation and modification
Since the material must be released into the blood or secreted into the urine, packing in the Golgi is likely
When measuring blood from to and from kidney, some proteins are excreted; however not found in urine?
Organelles that would be responsible are the lysosomes and Golgi apparatus
Growth hormone
Acts systemically to increase protein synthesis and generalized cell functions
Cortisol
Modulator of carbohydrate metabolism
TSH
Promotes the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones
Aldosterone
Conserves sodium and water at the expense of potassium in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct, thus increasing fluid reabsorption and increasing blood volume and pressure
Floppases
Cells use these to move lipids between leaflets, because there is a high entropy cost to moving them from one side of the membrane to the other
G proteins
Found in cell membranes, but they activate second messenger systems
Vesicles
Transport molecules to the membrane, but they do not transfer lipids between leaflets
Aspartate transaminase catalyzes the transfer of an amino group to alpha-ketoglutarate, a TCA cycle intermediate. Which AA would be the product?
Glutamic acid
- Aspartic acid is a reactant, not a product, in this reaction
- Reaction is down to form glutamate and OAA
In an enzyme-catalyzed rxn where enzyme concentration is held constant and substrate concentration is relatively low, which kinetic parameter will increase with the addition of more substrates?
V0
