Digestion & Excretion Flashcards
Function of liver cells
- Regulation of blood glucose via gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, & glycogenesis
- Storage of glycogen, minerals, and vitamins
- Synthesis of macromolecules
- Production and secretion of bile
- Breakdown/detoxification of numerous drugs & metabolic waste products
Ketogenesis
Synthesis of ketone bodies; plays a critical role in energy metabolism when glycogen stores are depleted and blood glucose levels become low
Detoxification of drugs
Often are exogenous compounds that may have toxic effects if allowed to accumulate in the body. The liver is a critical organ for the breakdown and detoxification of many drugs.
Digestive proteolytic enzymes
Hydrolyze polypeptides, these proteolytic enzymes are synthesized and secreted from the pancreas, stomach, and small intestine. Cirrhosis of the liver is not expected to affect the secretion of digestive proteolytic enzymes because they are secreted by other tissues
Kidneys
In the nephrons, circulating blood enters the glomerulus through the afferent ateriole and exits through the efferent arteriole
Non-glomerular causes of proteinuria
Related to the PCT
PCT
Cannot compensate for protein overflow, involved in secretory dysfunction, and a failure of reabsorption
The primary site for the adjustment of caloric substances and toxins (glucose, AA, and proteins are all reabsorbed here; as well as secretion of non-ionic substances)
Distal tubule and collecting duct
Responsible for the concentration of urine before excretion
DCT is also responsible for the adjustment of some ions in the regulation of acid-base balance
Loop of Henle
Responsible for exchange with the Vasa Recta and the adjustment of solute amounts in the urine
Certain kidneys continuously produce and release EPO, such tumors effect erythrocyte production by:
Constant stimulation of erythrocyte production will occur within the bone marrow
