Prokaryotes Flashcards
1
Q
General information
A
- thrive almost anywhere other organisms can not
- most are unicellular and form colonies
- different shapes
2
Q
Shapes
A
- sperical (cocci)
- rod (bacilli)
- spiral
3
Q
cell wall
A
- eukaryotic made of cellulose of chitin
- bacteria contains peptidoglycan (cross-linked polypeptides)
- archea contain polysaccarides
- antibiotics target peptidoglycan and damage cell walls
4
Q
mobility
A
-bacteria propel by flagella
5
Q
taxis
A
bacterial move towards or away from a certain stimuli
6
Q
reproduction and adaptation
A
- prokaryotes binary fission and short generation times
7
Q
diversity
A
because of:
-rapid reproduction, mutation and genetic recombination
8
Q
transformation, transduction and conjugation
A
- take up DNA from surrounding environment
- movement of genes b/w bacteria by bacteriophages
- genetic material transfered between 2 bacterial cells that are temporarily joined
9
Q
Nutritional and Metabolic Adaptations
A
phototrophs- energy from light
chemotrophs- chemicals
autotrophs- require CO2
heterotrophs- require organic nutrient to make organic compound
2 usually combined
10
Q
metabolic cooperation
A
photosynthetic and nitrogen fixing cells (heterocytes) exchange metabolic products
11
Q
pathogens
A
parasite that causes disease
12
Q
exotoxin
A
cause disease even if the prokayote that produce them are not present
13
Q
endotoxin
A
released only when bacteria dies and cell wall breaks
