nutrition

Question 1

3 catagories

Answer 1

carnivores: eat animals
herbivores: eat plants and algea
omnivores: consume both plant and animal

Question 2

basic nutrients

Answer 2

carbs-plants
protein- plant and animal
lipids-plant and animal
vitamines- organic molecules
minerals -inorganic

Question 3

essential nutrients

Answer 3

amino acids require 20
fatty acids
vitamins
minerals

Question 4

malnutrition

Answer 4

long term absence from the diet of one or more essential nutrients

Question 5

undernourishment

Answer 5

diet that supplies less chemical energy than the body needs

Question 6

food processing stages

Answer 6

ingestion
digestion
absorption
elimination

Question 7

types of feeders

Answer 7

suspension: aquatic animals that sift small food particles
substrate
fluid
bulk

Question 8

intracellular digestion

Answer 8

food particles are engulfed by endocytosis and digested within food vacuoles

Question 9

extracellular digestion

Answer 9

breakdown of food particles outside the cell

Question 10

gastrovascular cavity

Answer 10

animals with simple body plans

-both digestion and distribution of nutrients

Question 11

complete digestive tract

Answer 11

alimentary tract

Question 12

digestive system consists of:

Answer 12

alimentary canal and accessory glands that secrete digestive juices through ducts

Question 13

peristalsis

Answer 13

how food is pushed in the body

Question 14

sphincters

Answer 14

valves that regulate the movement of material between compartments

Question 15

salivary glands

Answer 15

produce amylase

Question 16

pharynx

Answer 16

junction that opens to both the esophagus and trachea

Question 17

esophagus

Answer 17

conducts food from the pharynx down to the stomach

swallowing causes the epiglottis to block entry to the trachea, bolus is guided to larynx

Question 18

stomach

Answer 18

gastric juice= HCl and pepsin

pariental cells-HCl
chief cells-pepsinogen

Question 19

small intestine

Answer 19

duodenum (digestion)
jejunum
ileum

Question 20

pancreas

Answer 20

produces trypsin and chymotrypsin

Question 21

liver

Answer 21

produces bile- stored in gall bladder

Question 22

cecum

Answer 22

fermentation of plant material and connects where small and large intestine meet

Question 23

bacteria in cecum

Answer 23

digest cellulose and give off fatty acid as byproduct

Question 24

hindgut fermenter

Answer 24

cecum after the gastric compartment

Question 25

ruminants

Answer 25

herbivores with specialized foregut

breaks down bacteria before it enters the gastric part of the digestive tract