circulation and respiration

Question 1

2 basic components

Answer 1

fluid
tubes
muscular pump

Question 2

open circulatory system

Answer 2

insects and arthropods
blood bathes organs directly
hemolymph

Question 3

closed circulatory system

Answer 3

blood confined in vessels

more efficient in transporting

Question 4

circulation goals

Answer 4

gas exchange
energy balance-deliver byproducts of digestion
osmoregulation- carry water and ions

Question 5

gas exchange (2 plans)

Answer 5

single- low pressure throughout

double- first blood at low pressure goes to lungs then to body

Question 6

energy balance ( 2 results)

Answer 6

single- slow delivery, animals with low metabolic rates

double- faster and constant b/c of pressure

Question 7

pulmonary circuit

Answer 7

takes oxygen poor blood and sends to lungs

Question 8

systemic circuit

Answer 8

oxygenated blood flows back to heart and goes to muscles and rest of the bosy

Question 9

single circulation

Answer 9

fishes

blood leaving the heart passes 2 capillary beds before returning

Question 10

double circulation

Answer 10

oxygen rich and poor are separately pumped from right and left sides of the heart

Question 11

systole

Answer 11

contraction

Question 12

diastole

Answer 12

relaxation

Question 13

cardiac output

Answer 13

heart rate(stroke per minute)*stroke volume (amount of blood pumped per minute)

Question 14

velocity

Answer 14

slowest in capillary beds

Question 15

plasma

Answer 15

90 water and 10 solutes

Question 16

tracheal system

Answer 16

tiny branching tubes that penetrate the body
tubes supply O2 directly to body cells

larger insects must ventilate

Question 17

lungs

Answer 17

from gut during development

Question 18

air path

Answer 18

larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli

Question 19

surfactants

Answer 19

coat surface of alveoli
purpose:
keep alveoli open and reduce surface tension
provide moist protective layer

Question 20

negative pressure breathing

Answer 20

pulls air out of the lungs

Question 21

hemocyanin

Answer 21

copper as respiratory pigment in arthropods

Question 22

cooperativity

Answer 22

process of binding in a non-linear fashion
increasing attraction of heme for O2 is called affinity

hemoglobin is saturated when resting/ unsaturated during activity ( function of pH in blood)

Question 23

bohr shift

Answer 23

CO2 lowers blood ph and decreases affinity of hemoglobin for O2