hormone and endocrine system Flashcards
endocrine system
secretes hormones that coordinate slower but longer acting responses including reproduction development and energy metabolism
nervous system
high speed electrical signals alon specailized cells called nuerons, regulate other cells
hormones
chemical signals that are secreated into a transport system
chemical signals
hormones local regulators nuerotransmitters nuerohormones pheremones
endocrine glands
ductless and secrete hormones directly into surrounding fluid ( carried in blood)
local regulator
chemical signals that travel over short distances by diffusion
paracrine: signal acts on cell near secreating cell
autocrine: signals act on the secreting itself
nuerotransmitter
plays a role in sensation, memory, cognition and movement
nuerohormones
class of hormones that originate from nuerons in the brain and then diffuse through the bloodstream to target cells
pheremones
chemical signals that are released from the body and used to communicate with other individuals in a species
3 classes of hormones
polypeptide
amine, from amino acid
steroid
lipid soluble
steroids and amines- pass easily through cell membrane
receptor inside cell
water soluble
polypeptides and amines- do not pass through membranes
receptor on surface
both require receptor
signaling by hormones
reception, signal transduction, response
signal transduction
binding of a hormone to its receptor , leading to a response
response= change in gene expression
hormones have different effects in diff species
same hormone- diff effect if:
diff receptor
diff signal transduction pathway
diff proteins for carrying out response
simple hormone pathway
released from endocrine cell, travel through the bloodstream and interact with receptor and target cell
islets of langerhans
pancreas has clusters of endocrine cells
insulin
reduces blood glucose lever by
cellular uptake of glucose, slowing breakdown, promote fat storage
glucagon
increases blood glucose levels
glycogen to glucose in liver, stimulates breakdown of fat and protein into glucose
hypothalamus
recieves information from nervous system and initiates responses through the endocrine system
pituitary gland
attached to hypothalamus
posterior- releases hormones that act directly on non-endocrine tissues
anterior releasing and inhibiting hormones
hormone cascade pathway
hormone stimulates the release of a series of other hormones, which then activates a nonendocrine target cell
tropic vs nontropic hormones
tropic- regulates function of endocrine cells or glands
non- target nonendocrine tissues
growth hormone
anterior pituitary- tropic and nontropic actions
produces growth factos
endocine signaling regulates
metabolism, homeostasis, development and behavior