Prokaryotes Flashcards
What are the only membrane bound organelles in Prokaryotes?
Ribosomes
Prokaryotes are _______ non-_______ cells.
Prokaryotes are haploid non-nucleated cells.
What makes up the cell wall in Prokaryotes?
Peptinoglycan
What is peptinoglycan made of?
protein + Carb
Some cells in addition to a peptinoglycan cell wall have what?
lipopolysaccride layer
What are lipopolysaccrides made of?
Lipid + Carb
The cell membrane of Prokaryotes is made of?
phospholipid bilayer
What does a Gram stain show?
The difference between a lipopolysaccride (-) and peptidoglycan (+)
On a gram negative stain, what will bacteria look like what?
red
On a gram positive stain, what will bacteria look like?
purple
LPS will stain?
Not at all, so will just have a pink/red appearance
Peptidoglycan will stain?
purple
What type of Gram is worse, postive or negative in regards to infection?
A Gram - is worse, because it has another layer on top of cell wall
Bacteria Shapes-
Coccus?
sphere
Bacteria Shapes-
Diplococcus?
pairs of cocci
Bacteria Shapes-
Tetrad?
4 cocci
Bacteria Shapes-
Staphylococcus?
clusters of Cocci
Bacteria Shapes-
Streptococcus?
Chains of cocci
Bacteria Shapes-
Bacillus?
Rod Shapes bacilli
Bacteria Shapes-
Spirillum?
Fixed spiral shaped bacteria
Bacteria Shapes-
Spirochete?
Flexible spiral shape
What is the capsule of bacteria made out of?
Glycocalyx-sugar coating
What is the glycocalyx used for?
To stick to things
What are pili filaments used for?
attachments and mainly for reproduction
What are endospores used for?
cell hibernation
When are endospores made?
when there is a lack of moisture
Bacteria are asexual by ______ _________.
Binary fission
The DNA plasmid does what?
Duplicates itself and copies attach themselves to the membrane
How do bacteria transfer DNA?
through a pili filament conduction bridge
What are the 6 main types of bacteria?
Cyanobacteria Nitrogen fixing bacteria Lactobacillus Salmonella Syphillis Lyme Disease
What are photosythesising bacteria, which were the 1st of this kind on earth?
Cyanobacteria
What kind of bacteria is blue and green algea?
Cyanobacteria
What do Heterocysts allow?
Nitrogen fixation
N2 to NH3
What is an Example of Nitrogen fixing bacteria?
Rhizobum
What does nitrogen fixing bacteria do?
hint-2 things
Forms nodules on plant roots
Converts nitrogen gas in the soil into ammonia for plant to produce proteins
What benefit does ammonia do?
Allows living organisms to produce proteins
What is another name for cheese bacteria?
Lactobacillus
What do acidophils do?
Secrete sweet digestive acids
What type of bacteria is a ‘probiotic’?
Acidophils, Lactobacillus
What type of bacteria denatures milk into clumps?
Lactobacillus
What type of bacteria is a flagellated bacteria found in meat and dairy products?
Salmonella
What disease is caused by Treponema pallidum?
Syphillis
What are the 3 stages of Syphillis?
1) Canker sore appears on genitals
2) Rash appears all over body, even on palms of hands and soles of feet
3) Bacteria enters blood and ravages body organs and joints
What organ is the main target of tertiary syphillis?
The brain
What disease is caused by Borrella burgadorferi?
Lyme Disease
How is lyme disease transmitted?
A deer tick
What is a vector?
A thing that doesn’t cause the disease but just transmits it
What is the first sign of lyme disease?
A bull’s eye rash
What occurs if Lyme disease goes untreated?
Severe and chronic symtoms that affects brain, nerves, joints, eyes, and heart
