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Biology 102 > Prokaryotes > Flashcards

Prokaryotes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the only membrane bound organelles in Prokaryotes?

A

Ribosomes

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2
Q

Prokaryotes are _______ non-_______ cells.

A

Prokaryotes are haploid non-nucleated cells.

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3
Q

What makes up the cell wall in Prokaryotes?

A

Peptinoglycan

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4
Q

What is peptinoglycan made of?

A

protein + Carb

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5
Q

Some cells in addition to a peptinoglycan cell wall have what?

A

lipopolysaccride layer

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6
Q

What are lipopolysaccrides made of?

A

Lipid + Carb

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7
Q

The cell membrane of Prokaryotes is made of?

A

phospholipid bilayer

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8
Q

What does a Gram stain show?

A

The difference between a lipopolysaccride (-) and peptidoglycan (+)

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9
Q

On a gram negative stain, what will bacteria look like what?

A

red

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10
Q

On a gram positive stain, what will bacteria look like?

A

purple

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11
Q

LPS will stain?

A

Not at all, so will just have a pink/red appearance

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12
Q

Peptidoglycan will stain?

A

purple

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13
Q

What type of Gram is worse, postive or negative in regards to infection?

A

A Gram - is worse, because it has another layer on top of cell wall

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14
Q

Bacteria Shapes-

Coccus?

A

sphere

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15
Q

Bacteria Shapes-

Diplococcus?

A

pairs of cocci

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16
Q

Bacteria Shapes-

Tetrad?

A

4 cocci

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17
Q

Bacteria Shapes-

Staphylococcus?

A

clusters of Cocci

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18
Q

Bacteria Shapes-

Streptococcus?

A

Chains of cocci

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19
Q

Bacteria Shapes-

Bacillus?

A

Rod Shapes bacilli

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20
Q

Bacteria Shapes-

Spirillum?

A

Fixed spiral shaped bacteria

21
Q

Bacteria Shapes-

Spirochete?

A

Flexible spiral shape

22
Q

What is the capsule of bacteria made out of?

A

Glycocalyx-sugar coating

23
Q

What is the glycocalyx used for?

A

To stick to things

24
Q

What are pili filaments used for?

A

attachments and mainly for reproduction

25
Q

What are endospores used for?

A

cell hibernation

26
Q

When are endospores made?

A

when there is a lack of moisture

27
Q

Bacteria are asexual by ______ _________.

A

Binary fission

28
Q

The DNA plasmid does what?

A

Duplicates itself and copies attach themselves to the membrane

29
Q

How do bacteria transfer DNA?

A

through a pili filament conduction bridge

30
Q

What are the 6 main types of bacteria?

A 
Cyanobacteria 
Nitrogen fixing bacteria 
Lactobacillus 
Salmonella
Syphillis 
Lyme Disease
31
Q

What are photosythesising bacteria, which were the 1st of this kind on earth?

A

Cyanobacteria

32
Q

What kind of bacteria is blue and green algea?

A

Cyanobacteria

33
Q

What do Heterocysts allow?

A

Nitrogen fixation

N2 to NH3

34
Q

What is an Example of Nitrogen fixing bacteria?

A

Rhizobum

35
Q

What does nitrogen fixing bacteria do?

hint-2 things

A

Forms nodules on plant roots

Converts nitrogen gas in the soil into ammonia for plant to produce proteins

36
Q

What benefit does ammonia do?

A

Allows living organisms to produce proteins

37
Q

What is another name for cheese bacteria?

A

Lactobacillus

38
Q

What do acidophils do?

A

Secrete sweet digestive acids

39
Q

What type of bacteria is a ‘probiotic’?

A

Acidophils, Lactobacillus

40
Q

What type of bacteria denatures milk into clumps?

A

Lactobacillus

41
Q

What type of bacteria is a flagellated bacteria found in meat and dairy products?

A

Salmonella

42
Q

What disease is caused by Treponema pallidum?

A

Syphillis

43
Q

What are the 3 stages of Syphillis?

A

1) Canker sore appears on genitals
2) Rash appears all over body, even on palms of hands and soles of feet
3) Bacteria enters blood and ravages body organs and joints

44
Q

What organ is the main target of tertiary syphillis?

A

The brain

45
Q

What disease is caused by Borrella burgadorferi?

A

Lyme Disease

46
Q

How is lyme disease transmitted?

A

A deer tick

47
Q

What is a vector?

A

A thing that doesn’t cause the disease but just transmits it

48
Q

What is the first sign of lyme disease?

A

A bull’s eye rash

49
Q

What occurs if Lyme disease goes untreated?

A

Severe and chronic symtoms that affects brain, nerves, joints, eyes, and heart

Biology 102 (16 decks)

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