Prokaryotes

Question 1

What are the only membrane bound organelles in Prokaryotes?

Answer 1

Ribosomes

Question 2

Prokaryotes are _______ non-_______ cells.

Answer 2

Prokaryotes are haploid non-nucleated cells.

Question 3

What makes up the cell wall in Prokaryotes?

Answer 3

Peptinoglycan

Question 4

What is peptinoglycan made of?

Answer 4

protein + Carb

Question 5

Some cells in addition to a peptinoglycan cell wall have what?

Answer 5

lipopolysaccride layer

Question 6

What are lipopolysaccrides made of?

Answer 6

Lipid + Carb

Question 7

The cell membrane of Prokaryotes is made of?

Answer 7

phospholipid bilayer

Question 8

What does a Gram stain show?

Answer 8

The difference between a lipopolysaccride (-) and peptidoglycan (+)

Question 9

On a gram negative stain, what will bacteria look like what?

Answer 9

red

Question 10

On a gram positive stain, what will bacteria look like?

Answer 10

purple

Question 11

LPS will stain?

Answer 11

Not at all, so will just have a pink/red appearance

Question 12

Peptidoglycan will stain?

Answer 12

purple

Question 13

What type of Gram is worse, postive or negative in regards to infection?

Answer 13

A Gram - is worse, because it has another layer on top of cell wall

Question 14

Bacteria Shapes-

Coccus?

Answer 14

sphere

Question 15

Bacteria Shapes-

Diplococcus?

Answer 15

pairs of cocci

Question 16

Bacteria Shapes-

Tetrad?

Answer 16

4 cocci

Question 17

Bacteria Shapes-

Staphylococcus?

Answer 17

clusters of Cocci

Question 18

Bacteria Shapes-

Streptococcus?

Answer 18

Chains of cocci

Question 19

Bacteria Shapes-

Bacillus?

Answer 19

Rod Shapes bacilli

Question 20

Bacteria Shapes-

Spirillum?

Answer 20

Fixed spiral shaped bacteria

Question 21

Bacteria Shapes-

Spirochete?

Answer 21

Flexible spiral shape

Question 22

What is the capsule of bacteria made out of?

Answer 22

Glycocalyx-sugar coating

Question 23

What is the glycocalyx used for?

Answer 23

To stick to things

Question 24

What are pili filaments used for?

Answer 24

attachments and mainly for reproduction

Question 25

What are endospores used for?

Answer 25

cell hibernation

Question 26

When are endospores made?

Answer 26

when there is a lack of moisture

Question 27

Bacteria are asexual by ______ _________.

Answer 27

Binary fission

Question 28

The DNA plasmid does what?

Answer 28

Duplicates itself and copies attach themselves to the membrane

Question 29

How do bacteria transfer DNA?

Answer 29

through a pili filament conduction bridge

Question 30

What are the 6 main types of bacteria?

Answer 30

``` Cyanobacteria Nitrogen fixing bacteria Lactobacillus Salmonella Syphillis Lyme Disease ```

Question 31

What are photosythesising bacteria, which were the 1st of this kind on earth?

Answer 31

Cyanobacteria

Question 32

What kind of bacteria is blue and green algea?

Answer 32

Cyanobacteria

Question 33

What do Heterocysts allow?

Answer 33

Nitrogen fixation | N2 to NH3

Question 34

What is an Example of Nitrogen fixing bacteria?

Answer 34

Rhizobum

Question 35

What does nitrogen fixing bacteria do? | hint-2 things

Answer 35

Forms nodules on plant roots | Converts nitrogen gas in the soil into ammonia for plant to produce proteins

Question 36

What benefit does ammonia do?

Answer 36

Allows living organisms to produce proteins

Question 37

What is another name for cheese bacteria?

Answer 37

Lactobacillus

Question 38

What do acidophils do?

Answer 38

Secrete sweet digestive acids

Question 39

What type of bacteria is a 'probiotic'?

Answer 39

Acidophils, Lactobacillus

Question 40

What type of bacteria denatures milk into clumps?

Answer 40

Lactobacillus

Question 41

What type of bacteria is a flagellated bacteria found in meat and dairy products?

Answer 41

Salmonella

Question 42

What disease is caused by Treponema pallidum?

Answer 42

Syphillis

Question 43

What are the 3 stages of Syphillis?

Answer 43

1) Canker sore appears on genitals 2) Rash appears all over body, even on palms of hands and soles of feet 3) Bacteria enters blood and ravages body organs and joints

Question 44

What organ is the main target of tertiary syphillis?

Answer 44

The brain

Question 45

What disease is caused by Borrella burgadorferi?

Answer 45

Lyme Disease

Question 46

How is lyme disease transmitted?

Answer 46

A deer tick

Question 47

What is a vector?

Answer 47

A thing that doesn't cause the disease but just transmits it

Question 48

What is the first sign of lyme disease?

Answer 48

A bull's eye rash

Question 49

What occurs if Lyme disease goes untreated?

Answer 49

Severe and chronic symtoms that affects brain, nerves, joints, eyes, and heart