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Biology 102 > Phylum Chordata > Flashcards

Phylum Chordata Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four things required to be a chordate?

A

Tubular Nerve Core
Notocord providing nerve core support
Pharyngeal gill pouches
Post anal tail

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2
Q

What does Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny during embryonic development mean?

A

Means through development, we look like the evolutionary development to how we got to be human

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3
Q

What are the 3 SubPhylums of Phylum Chordata?

A

Urochodata
Cephalochordata
Vertabrata

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4
Q

What makes up Subphylum Urochordata?

A

Sea Squirts

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5
Q

Why are Sea Squirts sometimes called Tunicates?

A

Because they have a cellose tunic or cover

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6
Q

Why are they called Sea Squirts?

A

Due to filter feeding and squirting water back out

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7
Q

Sea squirt larvae are unique because?

A

The Larvae has chordate characteristics, but they do not develop into adulthood, so they are considered chordate relative

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8
Q

What makes up Subphlyum Cephalochordata?

A

Lancets

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9
Q

Why are they called Lancets?

A

Because of the shape of the body

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10
Q

What are Lancets gill slits used for?

A

Filter feeding

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11
Q

How do lancets breathe?

A

O2 is absorbed through skin.

No lungs

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12
Q

What makes up Subphylum Vertabrae?

A

over 44,000 Species of Vertabrae

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13
Q

What is a characteristic of Vertabrates?

A

Endoskeleton w/skull that encases brain

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14
Q

What were Ostraderms?

A

Earliest fish

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15
Q

What is Ichthyology?

A

Study of fish

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16
Q

Class chondrichthyes are made up of?

A

The cartilaginous fishes

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17
Q

What are the cartilaginous fishes?

A

Sharks, Rays, Skates, Fishes

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18
Q

Sharks have a large upper __________ on __________ fin

A

Sharks have a large upper lobe on caudal fin.

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19
Q

What are dermal denticles?

A

Sharp scales on skin

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20
Q

How do sharks breathe?

A

Respire with gills and spiracles.

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21
Q

When hearing the world spiracles, what should you think of?

A

Breathing

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22
Q

How many off spring do sharks produce?

A

Few

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23
Q

Male sharks have?

A

Claspers used to grab onto female during maiting

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24
Q

Claspers are also found on

?

A

Insects

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25
Q

What is the World’s largest fish?

A

Whale Shark

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26
Q

What is the world’s largest fish predator?

A

Great White Shark

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27
Q

What is the largest ray?

A

Manta Ray

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28
Q

What is a ‘rat fish’?

A

A chimara

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29
Q

What kind of organism is a chimara?

A

Transition organism to the bony fish

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30
Q

What makes up class Actinopterygii?

A

Ray fin

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31
Q

What is the most numberous vertabrae group?

A

Class actinopterygii

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32
Q

What are operculum?

A

Coverings over gills that allow water to be pushed over gills

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33
Q

What are the 5 Types of fins?

A

Dorsal, Caudal, Anal, Pelvic, and Pectorial

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34
Q

Ray fin fish have a ______ ________ in swim bladder.

A

Ray fin fish have a gas gland in swim bladder

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35
Q

What releases the gas from the swim bladder?

A

Oval body

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36
Q

What do lung fish have?

A

Air sacs to hold air from the atmosphere

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37
Q

What do Mudskipper and walking catfish do?

What kind of organism are they considered?

A

Move out of the water to feed

Considered Transition organsim

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38
Q

What makes up Class Sarcoptergii?

A

Lobe fin

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39
Q

What is special about lobe fin fish?

A

Have fins that are precursors to legs

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40
Q

Lobe fin fish are?

A

Transition organisms to amphibians

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41
Q

What is Herpetology?

A

the Study of amphibians and reptiles

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42
Q

What did tetrapods evolve from?

A

Lobe fin fish

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43
Q

How to tetrapods respire?

A

through moist skin

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44
Q

What kind of organisms are tetrapods?

A

Ectoderms with 3 chambered hearts

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45
Q

What makes up class Amphibia?

A

Salamanders, Frogs, Toads, Caecilians

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46
Q

What were the first amphibians?

A

Salamanders

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47
Q

What is SC state amphibian?

A

Yellow spotted salamander

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48
Q

What are the most advanced amphibians?

A

Frogs and Toads

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49
Q

How do frogs and toads reproduce?

A

Male squeezes eggs out of female, fertilizes them, and leaves them in water to hatch to tadpoles

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50
Q

What are cacelians?

A

Legless amphibians

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51
Q

What class had the first shelled egg?

A

Class Reptilia

52
Q

Which class had the 1st true land dwelling vertabrates?

A

Class Reptilia

53
Q

What benefit does an aminotic shelled egg bring?

A

Allows eggs to be layed on land

54
Q

How are reptiles fertilized?

A

Internal fertilization

55
Q

What are the layers of an Amnotic shelled egg?

A

Chorion
Amnion
Yolk Sac
Allantois

56
Q

What is the chorion?

A

Outermost layer

57
Q

What is the amnion?

A

Encases embryo

58
Q

What does the yolk do?

A

Provides food

59
Q

What does the Allantois do?

A

Contains excreted waste

60
Q

What developed from the 1st land dwelling reptiles?

A

Dinosaurs

61
Q

When did dinosaurs evolve?

A

during the mesozoic era

62
Q

What survived the dinosaur age and why?

A

Birds and mammals due to their warm blood

63
Q

What are the 1st reptiles in the fossil record?

A

Lizards

64
Q

What percentage of living reptiles do lizards make up?

A

50%

65
Q

What is the world’s largest lizard?

A

Kimono dragon

66
Q

What evolved from lizards?

A

Snakes

67
Q

What are 3 examples of collapsable fang snakes?

A

Rattlesnake, Copperhead, and water moccasin

68
Q

How is poison injected by rattlesnakes, copperheads, and water moccasins?

A

Poison injected via collapsable fangs

69
Q

What makes up snake venom?

A

Neurotoxin + Digestive Enzymes

70
Q

What is the #1 snake bit in SC?

A

Copperhead

71
Q

What are fixed fang snakes?

A

Coral snake and Cobra

72
Q

What does the neurotoxin of fixed fang snakes effect?

A

Breathing

73
Q

How can you tell the difference in the coral and milk snakes?

A

Red touches yellow, kill a fellow

Red touches black, friend of Jack

74
Q

What is the world’s largest poisonous snake?

A

King cobra

75
Q

How many living species are there of turtles and tortosises?

A

250

76
Q

Which are aquatic and which are land dweller of turles and tortises?

A

Turtles are aquatic

Tortises are land dwellers

77
Q

What is the world’s largest turtle?

A

Leatherback turtle

78
Q

What is a turtle exclusion device?

A

Hatch at top of shrimp net for turtles to escape from

79
Q

What is the world’s largest tortoise?

A

Galapagos Tortoise

80
Q

What do the hearts of Alligators and Crocodiles have?

A

4 chambered heart

81
Q

What is the differences between alligators and crocodiles?

A

Alligators have a rounded mouth, even teeth, smooth eyelid, no lobe over tympana
Crocodile as narrow mouth, uneven teeth, and lobe over tympana

82
Q

What is Ornithology?

A

The study of birds

83
Q

What is the oldest bird fossil in fossil record and has reptilian characteristics?

A

Archaopteryx

84
Q

What do most birds show?

A

Sexual dimorphism

85
Q

What is the whole purpose of the feather structure?

A

For flight

86
Q

How must blood cells be replaced in birds and why?

A

By mitosis, due to hollow bones

87
Q

What is the world’s smallest bird?

A

Hummingbird

88
Q

What is the World’s largest bird?

A

Ostrich

89
Q

What is another name for a non-flying bird?

A

Ratite

90
Q

What kind of organism is a platypus?

A

A transition organsism

91
Q

What are marsupials?

A

The ‘pouched’ animals

92
Q

In marsupials, the young are born __________ and remainder of development occurs within the ___________.

A

premature

pouch

93
Q

What is the only marsupial in US?

A

The possum

94
Q

What is the most successful group of mammals?

A

Placental Mammals

95
Q

Why are placental mammals so sucessful?

A

Due to large number of offspring and relatively quick internal development

96
Q

What type of glands do placental mammals to protect their hair and skin?

A

Sebaceous glands

97
Q

What types of teeth do Placental mammals have?

A

Molar, Premolar, Incisors, Canine

98
Q

What animal has the largest heart in world?

A

Blue whale

99
Q

What are the orders of class mammila?

A 
Ungulates
Carnivores
Cetacearis
Chiroptera
Rodents
Proboscideans
100
Q

What makes up order Ungulates?

A

Hoofed mammals

101
Q

What makes up order cetacearis?

A

Marine mammals

102
Q

What makes up order Chiroptera?

A

Flying mammals

103
Q

What makes up rodents?

A

Gnawing mammals

104
Q

What makes up order Proboscideans?

A

Trunked animals

105
Q

What is special about primates not found in other mammals?

A

Ball and socket joint and clavical for 180 degree rotation

106
Q

What are the groups of primates?

A 
Prosimians
Old World Monkeys
New World Monkeys
the "Hominoid" apes
Homo sapiens
107
Q

What animals make up Prosimians?

A

Lemurs and Tarsiers

108
Q

What make up Old World monkeys?

What is a specific quality?

A

Baboon and Macaque

Narrow down pointing faces with pointing noses and bare buttocks

109
Q

What makes up new World monkeys?

A

Capucian and Howler monkeys

Prehensile tails

110
Q

What is the largest ape?

A

Gorrilla

111
Q

What is a docile herbovoire that is a tree dweller who is in the group “Hominoid Apes”?

A

Orangutan

112
Q

What is the ape that shares 95% of the same genes as humans?

A

Chimpanze

113
Q

What is the study of the developments of man?

A

Anthropology

114
Q

What were the first bipedal humans?

A

Australpiths

115
Q

What were the first humans to use tools, called the ‘handyman’?

A

Homo habilis

116
Q

What were the first humans to use fire consistantly, known as ‘walking man’?

A

Homo erectus

117
Q

What is Bergmann’s Rule?

A

Animals in colder climates are shorter and stockier than animals in warm climates

118
Q

What are the characteristics of Echinoderma?

A

Marine, endoskeleton, Clacium plate shell, Spiny skin

119
Q

How do starfish eat?

A

Oozes stomach inside shell of prey

120
Q

Why is the great barrier reef important?

A

Home to many marine animals

121
Q

Starfish populations have increased so much at the great barrier reef because?

A

Decreased predidation

122
Q

What are characteristics of the ‘Hag fish’?

A

Benthic scavengers
Oral feelers
Secrete slime
Vertabrae

123
Q

Sea squirts outer layer is composed of?

A

Cellulose

124
Q

Study of fishes is called?

A

Ichthyology

125
Q

The earliest fishes have what on their fins?

A

They had no fins

Biology 102 (16 decks)

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