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Biology 102 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 12 teeth used for mashing and grinding?

A

Molars

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2
Q

What are the 8 teeth used for mashing and tearing?

A

Premolars

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3
Q

What are the 4 teeth used for tearing?

A

Canines

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4
Q

What are the 8 teeth used for cutting?

A

Insisors

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5
Q

How many total teeth do adults have?

A

32

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6
Q

How many baby teeth do we have?

A

20

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7
Q

Where is the crown located?

A

Above the gumline

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8
Q

Where is the root located?

A

Below the gumline

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9
Q

What is enamel made out of?

A

calicum

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10
Q

What is dentin?

A

soft bone

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11
Q

What is pulp?

A

Marrow-like structure

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12
Q

What does the root canal hold?

A

nerves and blood vessels

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13
Q

What is the hard palate used for?

A

Mashing food

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14
Q

What is the soft palate used for?

A

swallowing

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15
Q

What are the two functions of the tongue?

A

Taste

Creating food boluses

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16
Q

What are the 5 basic taste sensations?

A

Sour, Sweet, Salty, Bitter, umami

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17
Q

What do the salivary glands do?

A

Contains enzyme amalyse for starch digestion

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18
Q

What are the 3 salivary glands?

A

Parotid, sublinguial, Submandibular

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19
Q

What are the three stages of swallowing?

A

Voluntary, pharyngeal, and esophageal

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20
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Involuntary movement of the smooth muscle which moves food through the digestive system

21
Q

What are rugae?

A

Folds in stomach

22
Q

What is contained on the inner layer of the stomach?

A

Mucosa-digestive enzymes

23
Q

What is located in the middle layer of the stomach?

A

Sub-mucosal blood vessels

24
Q

Where is the pyloric sphincter?

A

Between the stomach and small intestine

25
Q

What organ filters the blood, removing toxins and ammonia?

A

Liver

26
Q

What does the liver store?

A

vitamins and glycogen

27
Q

How does the liver relate to the gall bladder?

A

Secretes bile to gall bladder

28
Q

What does bile do?

A

Emulsifies fats in duodenum

29
Q

What is the accepted age of the earth?

A

4.5 billion years

30
Q

What does the liver do in regards to substances?

A

Turns hydrophobic substances to hydrophilic substances

31
Q

What is a universal digestive gland that secretes digestive enzymes for all nutrient molecules?

A

Pancreas

32
Q

What does the pancreas do in regards to PH?

A

Secretes bicarbonate ions to neutralize stomach acids in the small intestine

33
Q

Where is the main site of nutrient absorption?

A

Small intestine

34
Q

What is the length of the small intestine?

A

12 ft

35
Q

What are the 3 sections of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

36
Q

What is the lumen of the small intestine filed with?

A

Vili

37
Q

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

A

Water reabsorption

38
Q

How are wastes compacted?

A

When water is reabsorbed by the small intestine, the waste is concentrated and compacted

39
Q

What does the bacteria in the large intestine create?

A

Vitamin K

40
Q

What are the 6 structures of the large intestine?

A 
Cecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectume
41
Q

What forms the bulk of the human diet?

A

Carbohydrates

42
Q

What kind of carbs are healthy?

A

Complex (Branched)

43
Q

What reduces colon cancer?

A

Fiber

44
Q

What are the building blocks of protiens?

A

Amino acids

45
Q

Why are lipids important in regards to phospholipids?

A

Linoleic acid is needed for phospholipids

46
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A 
Vitamin-
K
A
D
E
47
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins?

A

Vitamins B and C

48
Q

What do vitamins C and E do?

A

Fight free radicals

49
Q

What are the 3 main eating disorders?

A

Obesity, Bulimia, Anorexia

Biology 102 (16 decks)

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