Prokaryotes Flashcards
What are the percentages of the “Biomass of Earth” ?
50% Bacteria/Fungi
35% Plants
15% Animals
What are three characteristics of prokaryotes?
CELLULAR
NO MEMBRANE ENCLOSED ORGANELLES
SINGULAR-CIRCULAR CHROMOSOME
What is the most well known example of a prokaryote?
BACTERIA
What are the ten different forms of bacterial cells?
COCCI
DIPLOCOCCUS
STREPTOCOCCUS
STAPHYLOCOCCUS
TETRAD
SARCINA
BACILLUS
DIPLOBACILLUS
STREPTOBACILLUS
SPIRAL
What is the form of a cocci bacterial cell?
Spherical
How can the diplococcus arrangement of bacterial cells be described?
TWO cells side by side
How can the streptococcus arrangement of bacterial cells be described?
A CHAIN of cells in a row
How can the staphylococcus arrangement of bacterial cells be described?
A BUNCH of cells in a “pool rack” kind of arrangement
How can the tetrad arrangement of bacterial cells be described?
FOUR cells in a SQUARE arrangement
How can the sarcina arrangement of bacterial cells be described?
A CUBOIDAL BOX arrangement with cells inside
How can the bacillus bacterial shape be described?
ROD-SHAPED
How can the diplobacillus arrangement of bacterial cells be described?
TWO rod-shaped cells side by side
How can the streptobacillus arrangement of bacterial cells be described?
A CHAIN of ROD-SHAPED bacteria
How can the spiral bacterial cells be described?
Multiple lines in multiple forms
What are the two classifications of spiral bacteria?
SPIROCHETE
SPIRILLUM
What are the two types of cell walls in Eubacteria?
GRAM-POSITIVE
GRAM-NEGATIVE
What are three characteristics of a Gram-Positive cell wall in Eubacteria?
VERY THICK PEPTIDOGLYCAN IN CELL WALL
ABSORB THE STAIN
THE COLOR IS BLUE-PURPLE
What are three characteristics of a Gram-Negative cell wall in Eubacteria?
THIN layer of peptidoglycan in cell wall
DO NOT absorb the stain
THE COLOR IS pink-red
What is the “capsule” ?
An extracellular slime layer surrounding the cell wall of some bacteria
The __________________ may protect bacteria and allow for attachment to cells
CAPSULE
What is the “pili” ?
The protein structures that extend from the cell
The _______________ helps bacterial adhere to surfaces
PILI
What are three characteristics of the flagella?
They produce a rotary motion
Similar to eukaryotic flagella
The number and location help to identify bacteria
Genetic material is found in what two forms?
Circular DNA molecule
Plasmids (small “Snippits” of DNA)