Kingdom Protista Flashcards
What is an example from the Phylum Rhizopoda?
AMOEBA
What are the five parts of the Amoeba proteus?
A pseudopodia
Ectoplasm
Endoplasm
Contractile Vacuole
Food Vacuole
What is the “ectoplasm” in amoebas?
The outer, clear cytoplasm
What is the “endoplasm” in amoebas?
The inner, granular cytoplasm
What does the contractile vacuole’s function in amoebas?
It pumps out the excess water from the cytoplasm
How do amoeba reproduce?
By asexual reproduction only
What is the pseudopodia used for in an amoeba?
For movement and feeding
What are the representative amoebas for the phylum Rhizopoda?
Entamoeba histolytica
Difflugia
Arcella
What effect does the amoeba “Entamoebba histolytica” have on humans?
It may cause amebic dysentery in humans
What is a characteristic of the amoeba Difflugia?
It has a test
What is a “test” in terms of Biology?
A shell
What are some characteristics of the amoeba “Arcella”?
It has a test and it decays in aquatic plant matter.
What is the organism that represents the phylum Foraminefra?
Foraminefrans
What is the test of a Foraminefran composed of?
A shell of a foraminefran is composed of calcium carbonate, sediment, or silica
Where can foraminefrans be found?
In plankton
__________________ are multlocular, unilocular
FORAMINEFRANS
Where are the two places discussed in the note taker that you can actually see foraminefrans?
WHITE CLIFFS OF DOVER
DURING OIL EXPLORATIONS
What are plankton?
Aquatic protists that form the base of a food chain
What are some characteristics of the phylum Zoomastigima?
Animal-like flagellates (zooflagellates)
Heterotrophic
Free-living or symbiotic
Move by long, whip-like flagella
What are the representative Zoomastiginans?
Trichonympha
Tripanasoma
Giardia
Where is the Zoomastiginan “Trichonympha” found?
In termites
Where is the Zoomastiginan “Tripanasoma found?
In the tsetse fly
What does “Tripanasoma” cause?
African Sleeping Sickness
What does the Zoomastiginan “Giardia” cause?
Backpackers’ diarrhea
What are the two kinds of heterotrophs?
Saprozoic and Holozoic
How does a saprozoic heterotroph acquire its nutrients?
It absorbs its nutrients
How does a holozoic heterotroph acquire its nutrients?
It ingests its nutrients
What are the characteristics of the phylum Ciliophora?
Move by cilia
Have a pellicle
Have trichocysts
Have an oral groove
Have two types of nuclei
They reproduce by means of fission and conjugation
What are cilia?
They are hair-like structures for movement
What is “pellicle” on a paramecium?
It’s the flexible outer covering
What are trichocysts?
Discharge filaments for trapping prey
What is the oral groove’s function?
For the intake of food
What are the two types of nuclei?
MICROnuclei
MACROnuclei
What is the micronuclei used for?
The micronuclei is used for reproduction
What is the macronuclei used for?
The macronuclei are used for cell metabolism and growt
How do organisms from the phyla “Ciliophora” reproduce?
They reproduce by fission and conjugation
What do organisms from the phyla “Ciliophora” use for movement?
CILIA
What are some characteristics of organisms from the phyla “Apicomplexa”?
They have no locomotive structures
The only way that they can move or transmit is through “vectors”
They are totally parasitic
They often live in two hosts during their life cycle
What are vectors?
Carriers used to transmit
What is the representative from the phylum “Apicomplexa” discussed in the note taker?
Plasmodium
What does plasmodium cause?
Malaria
What are some characteristics of organisms from the phylum “Dinoflagellata” ?
They are mostly unicellular and some colonial
Their shells are made of cellulose plates
They have two flagella
They have “sulcus” and “girdle” grooves
They usually are photosynthetic
Some are bioluminescent
Red Tides and blooms
What do “Red Tides” do as a result from the phylum “Dinoflagellata” ?
Red Tides produce a nerve toxin which kills fish. It can also contaminate shellfish and kill humans.
What are “Blooms” in respect to the phylum Dinoflagellata?
Blooms are population explosions
What are some characteristics from organisms from the phylum “Bacilliariophyta” ?
Their common name is “Diatoms”
They have 2 shells
Their shells are composed of silica (glass)
They have radial, bilateral symmetry
They are found in freshwater
They are mined for use in insulating, sound proofing, and scouring material
What are some characteristics of organisms from the phylum “Euglenophyta”?
They have 1 OR 2 flagella
They reproduce by means of “Lonitudinal Binary Fission”
They can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic
They have an “eyespot” (stigmata)
Positive phototaxis
What are some characteristics of organisms from the phylum “Chlorophyta”?
They share many common characteristics with land plants
They appear in many forms such as single celled, colonial, multinucleated, and filamentous.
They are aquatic, terrestrial, symbionts (lichens)
“Green Algae” is associated with what phylum?
CHLOROPHYTA
What are the representative Green Algae?
ULVA
SPIROGYRA
VOLVOX
What are the six parts of the Euglena?
STIGMATA
PILLI
CHLOROPLASTS
PARAMYLON BODY
FUNCTIONAL FLAGELLA
NON FUNCTIONAL FLAGELLA
What are some characteristics of organisms from the phylum “Rhodophyta” ?
RED ALGAE PIGMENTS
MOST ARE MARINE AND MULTICELLULAR
THEY ARE USED AS AGAR AND CARRAGEENAN
NO VASCULAR TISSUE
FUCOANTHIN
What is agar?
A food thickener
What is carrageenan?
A food additive used to stabilize food, paints, or make-up
What are some characteristics of organisms from the phylum “Phaeophyta”?
THEY ARE THE LARGEST ALGAE
THEY ARE THE SEAWEEDS AND KELPS
What is the representative for the phylum “Phaeophyta”?
LAMINARIA
SARGASSUM
What are the four parts of the “Laminaria”?
BLADE
AIR BLADDER
STIPE
HOLDFAST
What is the “blade” on a Laminaria?
The “leaflike” structure
What is the “stipe” on a Laminaria?
The “stalk” of an algae
What is the “holdfast” on a Laminaria?
The structure that anchors the algae to the substrate
What is “Fucoxanthin” ?
Yellow brown pigments
Describe “air bladders”?
“Flotation devices’ that allow the blades to float
