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General Biology II > Angiosperms > Flashcards

Angiosperms Flashcards

1
Q

What is known as the “most successful plants”?

A

ANGIOSPERMS

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2
Q

Angiosperms have _________________ to almost every habitat

A

ADAPTED

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3
Q

How doe angiosperms reproduce?

A

SEXUALLY by forming flowers

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4
Q

What are the water conducting cells of angiosperms called?

A

“Vessel elemetns”

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5
Q

What are the sugar conducting cells I nangiosperms called? “

A

SIEVE TUBE ELEMENTS

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6
Q

What are the four angiosperm plant organs?

A

LEAF

STEM

ROOT

FLOWER

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7
Q

What are the two classes discussed in the notetaker from the phylum Magnoliophyta?

A

CLASS LILIOSIDA (monocots)

CLASS MAGNOLIOPSIDA (dicots)

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8
Q

What are the four monocot examples? (PGOL)

A

palms

grasses

orchids

lilies

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9
Q

The stem of a monoct is ______________

A

HERBACEOUS

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10
Q

What does the term herbaceous mean?

A

GREEN

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11
Q

The flowers, leaves, or reproductive parts of monocots are in _______________________

A

THREE’S OR MULTIPLES OF THREE’S

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12
Q

What is the leaf venation of monocots?

A

The leaf venation of monocots is primarily parallel

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13
Q

What does the term “leaf venation” mean?

A

“Leaf venation” is another name of terming the vascular tissue

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14
Q

The seed of a monocot is a single ______________________

A

EMBRYONIC SEED LEAF

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15
Q

What is the term of a single embryonic seed leaf in monocots?

A

COTYLEDON

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16
Q

What is the stem construction of monocots described as?

A

SCATTERED VASCULAR BUNDLES

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17
Q

How is the monocot root system described as?

A

FIBROUS

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18
Q

What does the term “fibrous” mean in terms of the monocot root system?

A

It means many roots stemming from the same point

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19
Q

Dicots can be either ________________ or ______________

A

HERBACEOUS OR WOODY

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20
Q

The flower parts of dicots are in multiples of ___________ or _______________

A

FOUR’S OR FIVES

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21
Q

What is the leaf venation of dicots?

A

The leaf venation of dicots is primarily netted

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22
Q

What does the term “netted” mean in terms of dicot leaf venation?

A

“Netted” is a term that means intersecting leaf vascular tissue

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23
Q

How is the seed of a dicot described?

A

An embryo with two cotyledon

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24
Q

Describe the stem construction of dicots

A

Rings of vascular bundles

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25
Q

Describe the root of a dicot

A

A tap root

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26
Q

What is a tap root in terms of dicots and their root system?

A

A larger root that extends farther down than a fibrous root system

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27
Q

What are the examples of dicots?

A

All trees (except Gymnosperms and palms)

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28
Q

What is a “blade” in terms of leaves?

A

A broad, flat leaf shape

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29
Q

What is a petiole?

A

It is the stalk like structure that attaches the blade to the stem

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30
Q

What are the “veins” in terms of leaves?

A

Veins are lines of vascular tissue

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31
Q

What is the main function of the leaf?

A

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

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32
Q

What is the “axillary bud”?

A

A bud that produces a leaf

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33
Q

What is a “stipule”?

A

Leaf like growths at the base of the petiole that serves as a protective barrier from some insects

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34
Q

What are “trichomes”

A

hair like structures on the leaf

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35
Q

What is the function of the “trichomes”?

A

Trichomes can prevent overheating and serve as protection

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36
Q

Describe the cuticle of a leaf?

A

A waxy covering

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37
Q

PRACTICE YOUR DRAWING HOUSTON

A

aight jeeze

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38
Q

What are the eleven kinds or types of modified leaf structures?

A

Bud Scales

Tendrils

Insectivorous leaves

Bulbs

Flower Pot leaves

Bracts

Storage Leaves

Reproductive leaves

Cotyledons

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39
Q

What are the kinds of leaf arrangement?

A

Alternate

Opposite

Whorled

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40
Q

What is the term used for “leaf arrangement”?

A

Phyllotaxis

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41
Q

What are the three types of leaf venation?

A

Parallel

Netted Pinnately

Netted Palmately

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42
Q

What are the four ways of leaf composition?

A

Simple

Compound Palmately

Compound Pinnately

Compound Bipinnatley

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43
Q

What is the function of bud scales?

A

It protects the winter buds from injury, freezing, and drying out

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44
Q

What is the function of tendrils?

A

It supports the plant is found in peas and many vines

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45
Q

Describe “spines” in accordance to leaf modification

A

Hard and pointed

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46
Q

What is the function of “spines”?

A

To deter herbivores

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47
Q

What is the function of insectivorous leaves?

A

They trap insects to supplement their nitrogen needs

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48
Q

What are the four examples of insectivorous plants? (SBPB)

A

Sundew

Bladderwort

Pitcher plant

Butterwort

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49
Q

What is a “bulb” in accordance to modified leaves?

A

A short underground stem to which large fleshy leaves are attached

50
Q

What is the function of a bulb?

A

A bulb is responsible for the storage of food materials and water

51
Q

What are two examples of organisms with “bulbs”? (OL)

A

Onions

Lilly family

52
Q

What is a function of the flower pot leaf?

A

It serves as a symbiotic home for ants which in turn bring in soil for the plant

53
Q

How do the roots grow from the leaf in the “flower pot leaf”?

A

Moisture accumulates in the pouch and roots grow down into the pouch

54
Q

What is a “bract”?

A

A structure found at the base of flowers that can be mistaken as petals

55
Q

What is the difference between bracts and petals?

A

Petals don’t have vascular tissue while bracts do

56
Q

What are the three examples of organisms with “storage leaves”? (SJS)

A

String of pearls plant

Jade plant

Stone plants

57
Q

What is the example of an organism with “reproductive leaves”?

A

The tear drop plant

58
Q

What are cotyledons?

A

Seed leaves

59
Q

What are the six main functions of stems? (STPPSA)

A

The support of leaves and reproductive structures

Transport between leaves and roots

Production of new living tissue

photosynthesis

Storage of starch

Asexual reproduction in some species

60
Q

What is a node?

A

A zone where a leaf is growing

61
Q

What is an internode?

A

The zone between nodes

62
Q

Describe a “monocot’s” arrangement of vascular bundles

63
Q

Describe “herbaceous dicots’” arrangment of vascular bundles

A

Herbaceous dicot’s arrangment of vascular bundles are formed in a ring

64
Q

Describe “woody dicots” arrangement of vascular bundles

A

Woody dicots arrangement of vascular bundles are described as concentric cylinders of xylem and phloem

65
Q

What is the function of heart wood?

A

it functions as a storage for wastes such as resin or sap

66
Q

Where is the “heart wood” located?

A

Heart wood is the central dense wood

67
Q

What is the sap wood?

A

Sap wood is the outer, functioning xylem

68
Q

What are “soft woods”?

A

The term soft wood refers to any wood from a gymnosperm

69
Q

What are hardwoods?

A

The term hardwood refers to any wood from an angiosperm

70
Q

Some ______________ are really harder than some _________

A

SOFTWOODS

HARDWOODS

71
Q

Compare and contrast spring wood and summer wood

A

Springwood has large conducting cells due to increased water availability, while summerwood has smaller conducting cells because of a scarcity of water

72
Q

What are the eight types of modified stems?

A

STOLONS

TENDRILS

THORNS

SUCCULENT STEMS

BULBS

RHIZOMES

CORMES

TUBERS

73
Q

What is a stolon?

A

A stolon is a stem that is above the ground and runs horizontally

74
Q

Strawberry’s, bermuda grass, and spider plants are examples of _______________

75
Q

______________ may be modified leaves OR stems

76
Q

Grapes are examples of ____________

77
Q

Honey locust, and pyracantha are examples of ____________

78
Q

CActi and impatients are examples of ____________

A

SUCCULENT STEMS

79
Q

Johnson grass and ginger are examples of ________________

80
Q

What are bulbs?

A

Short underground stems to which large fleshy leaves are attached

81
Q

Onions, lillies, tulips, and daffodils are examples of ___________________

82
Q

Gladuly is an example of which stem modification?

83
Q

This irish potato is an example of which stem modificaiton?

84
Q

What are the five main root functions?

A

ANCHORAGE

STORAGE

ABSORPTION OF WATER AND NUTRIENTS

CONDUCTION

PHOTOSYNTHESIS (sometimes)

85
Q

What are the two types of root patterns?

A

TAPROOT

FIBROUS ROOT

86
Q

Dicots have what kind of root system?

87
Q

Monocots have what kind of root system?

A

FIBROUS ROOTS

88
Q

What are adventituous roots?

A

Roots that grow from the stem rather than from other roots

89
Q

What are prop roots?

A

A type of adventitious root that froms from the stem and extends downward into the soil to brace the plant

90
Q

What are contractile roots?

A

Roots from certain corms and bulbs that grow down into the soil and then contract to pull the bulb downward

91
Q

What are storage roots?

A

Roots used as a food reservoir for the plant

92
Q

What are aerial roots?

A

The roots of epiphytes. They are roots that anchor their plant to the bark, branch, or other surfaces

93
Q

Describe the pnematophore’s root system

A

Penmatophores have roots that arise through the soil to “breathe”

94
Q

Describe buttress roots

A

Swolen bases that support many tropical trees

95
Q

ONCE AGAIN….. PRACTICE DRAWINGS

A

once again…. GO FUCK YO SELF

96
Q

What are the four regions of root regions?

A

Area of maturation

Area of elongation

Area of cell division

Root cap

97
Q

What does the area of maturation contain?

A

ROOT HAIRS

98
Q

What occurs in the “area of elongation”?

A

The cells grow

99
Q

What is the function of the “root cap”?

A

It covers and protects the apical meristem

100
Q

What are the swellings that develop on roots of leguminous plants?

A

Root nodules

101
Q

What are root nodules?

A

Swellings that house millions of nitrogen fixing bacteria

102
Q

What do the nitrogen fixing bacteria in root nodules do?

A

The bacteria convert N2 into NO3

103
Q

What is a “root graft’’?

A

It is a natural connection between roots of trees belonging to the same or different species

104
Q

What are the limiting factors of root absorption?

A

Nitrogen Phosphorous and Potassium

105
Q

;What is the function of the endosperm?

A

Food supply

106
Q

What are sepals?

A

Leaves at the base of the flower

107
Q

What is the term used for “sepals” collectively?

108
Q

What is the term that is used for “petals” collectively?

A

The corolla

109
Q

What are the nine parts of the flower?

A

Sepals (calyx)

Petals (corolla)

Stamen

Anther

Filament

Pistil

Stigma

Style

Ovary

110
Q

What is considered a “complete flower”?

A

A complete has petals, sepals, pistil, and stamen

111
Q

What is considered to be an incomplete flower?

A

An incomplete flower lacks either petals, sepals, pistil, or the stamen

112
Q

What is a “perfect flower”?

A

A perfect flower has both a pistil and a samen

113
Q

What is an “imperfect flower”?

A

An imperfect flower has a pistil or a stamen, but not both

114
Q

When does pollination occur in a flower?

A

When pollen arrives at the stigma

115
Q

Describe “double fertilization”?

A

One sperm nucleus fertilizes egg and another sperm nucleus fertilizes 2 polar nuclei.

116
Q

What are two pollination tactics used by flowers?

A

Wind pollination and insect pollination

117
Q

Technically speaking, what are fruits?

A

Enlarged ovaries

118
Q

Where are the seeds located in fruits?

A

Inside usually

119
Q

What are the four different types of fruits?

A

Simple Fruits

Aggregate fruits

Multiple fruits

Accessory fruits

120
Q

What are the three types of seed dispersal?

A

WIND

WATER

THROUGH ANIMALS

General Biology II (15 decks)

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