Prokaryotes

Question 1

Prokaryote

Answer 1

A single-celled organism with no nuclei and membrane-bound organelles

Question 2

Two domains of prokaryotes

Answer 2

Archaea and Bacteria

Question 3

Nucleoids

Answer 3

The area where DNA is found within prokaryotes

Question 4

Photoheterotrophs

Answer 4

C

Question 5

Do archaea and eukaryotes form a monophyletic group?

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

Do bacteria and archaea form a monophyletic group?

Answer 6

NO

Question 7

The oldest fossil was dated to about

Answer 7

3.8 billion years ago in the early Archaean Eon

Question 8

Photosynthesis by cyanobacteria is dated t o about

Answer 8

2.6 billion years ago in the Late Archaean Eon

Question 9

Evidence for Photosynthesis?

Answer 9

Banded Iron formations

Question 10

HaloBacterium

Answer 10

Archaea that are very salt tolerate

Question 11

Deinoccous radiodurans

Answer 11

Bacteria that can survive 300 million rads of radiation (3,000 times more than a human can handle)

Question 12

Picophillus Oshimae

Answer 12

Can grow in Ph of .03 which is acidic enough to dissolve metal

Question 13

Thiomargarita Namibiensis

Answer 13

A bacterium bigger than a poppy seed

Question 14

Plasmolyze

Answer 14

Cell shrivels up and shrinks away from their cell wall in a hypertonic environment

Question 15

Difference between Bacteria and Archaea Cell walls?

Answer 15

Bacteria use peptidoglycan within the cell walls while archaea use different polymers

Question 16

Peptidoglycan

Answer 16

A fabric of modified sugars cross-linked by polypeptides. Helps anchor things off cell wall

Question 17

Gram Stain

Answer 17

A process discovered by Hans Christain Gram in determining the structure of bacterial walls

Question 18

Gram Stain Process

Answer 18

1. Sample are stained with crystal violet dye and iodine
2. Rinsed in alcohol
3. Rinsed in red dye, like safranin

Question 19

Gram-Positive Bacteria

Answer 19

Bacteria that have simple cell walls mainly composed of a thick layer of peptidoglycan

Question 20

Gram-Negative Bacteria

Answer 20

More complex walls that contain less peptidoglycan. Outer walls have lipopolysaccharide

Question 21

why does Penicillian work better on gram-positive bacteria

Answer 21

Penicillin interferes with the cross-linkages of peptidoglycan, and since the main component of their basic walls is peptidoglycan, their wall is heavily damaged and the bacteria loses its structure

Question 22

Capsule

Answer 22

An outer wall that provides more protection to a bacterium and its cell wall

Question 23

Streptococcus Bacterium

Answer 23

Bacteria with a capsule that allows them to attach to respiratory-tract cells

Question 24

Endospores

Answer 24

Dormant cells produced b a cell in an environment with little water to nutrients and are incredibly resistant to harsh conditions

Question 25

fimbriae

Answer 25

Hairlike appendages that allow cells to attach to other surfaces