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BIOLOGY 1208 > Invertebrates > Flashcards

Invertebrates Flashcards

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1
Q

Invertebrates

A

Animals that lack a backbone

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2
Q

Porifera

A
  • Sponges
  • Sessile animals that lack tissue
  • Filter Feeders
  • 5,000 species
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3
Q

Placozoa

A
  • Basal Animals

* 1 species (tricoplax adharens)

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4
Q

Cnidaria

A
  • Corals, Jellies, and hydra
  • Dibloplastic, radially symmetrical body plan
  • Gastrovascular cavity with a single opening that acts as a mouth and anus
  • 10,000 species
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5
Q

Acoela

A
  • Flatworms with a simple nervous system and sac-like gut
  • diverged before bilateral symmetry
  • 400 species
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6
Q

Ctenphora

A
  • combjellies

* Have eight combs of cilia for movement and tentacles for hunting

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7
Q

Platyhelminthes

A
  • Flatworms, including flukes, planarians, and tapeworms
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Central nervous system that processes the info from sensory structures
  • No body-cavity or specialized organs for circulation
  • 20,000 species
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8
Q

Ectoprocta

A
  • Bryozoans or ectoprots
  • Live in sessile colonies and covered in a tough exoskeleton
  • 4,500 species
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9
Q

Syndermata

A
  • Rotifers and Ancanthocephalans

* 2900 species

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10
Q

Rotifers

A

*Microscopic organisms with complex organ systems in psuedocoeloms

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11
Q

acanthocephalans

A

Highly modified parasites of vertebrates

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12
Q

Brachiopods

A
  • Lamp shells
  • Crown of cilia called a lophophore
  • unique stalk to anchor to the substrate
  • 335 species
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13
Q

Gastrotricha

A
  • Tiny worms whose ventral system is covered with cilla
  • live at the bottom of lakes and oceans
  • 800 species
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14
Q

Nemertea

A
  • Proboscis worms or ribbon worms
  • Unique proboscis to capture prey
  • lack a true coelom
  • Closed circulatory system with blood vessels and alimentary canal
  • 900 species
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15
Q

Annelida

A
  • segmented worms
  • body segmentation
  • consist of mainly marine and freshwater species
  • 16,500 species
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16
Q

Mollusca

A
  • Soft bodies and, in many species, hard shells

* 100,000 species

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17
Q

Loricifera

A
  • Tiny animals that inhabit sediment on the seafloor

* 10 species

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18
Q

Priapulida

A
  • Worms with large rounded proboscises at the anterior end
  • Named after priapus, the Greek god of fertility
  • Fossil evidence suggests major predator during Cambrian
  • Burrow in the seafloor sediment
  • 16 species
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19
Q

Onychophora

A
  • Velvet worms
  • fleshy antennae and several dozen pairs of sac-like legs
  • 110 species
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20
Q

Tardigrada

A
  • Tardigrades or water bears. The name means slow step
  • Dormant state makes them extremophiles
  • 15% of their genome is made via horizontal gene transfer, the largest percentage of any animal
  • 800 species
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21
Q

Arthropoda

A
  • segment exoskeleton and jointed appendages

* 1,000,000 species

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22
Q

Nematoda

A
  • Roundworms
  • many are parasites for plants and animals
  • Tough cuticle coats their body
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23
Q

Hemichordata

A
  • Share traits with Chordata like gill slits and dorsal nerve cord
  • 85 species
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24
Q

Chordata

A
  • Lancelets and tunicates are invertebrates

* 57,000 species

25
Q

Echinodermata

A
  • Bilateral symmetry as larvae
  • Move and feed by using a network of internal canals to pump water to the different body part
  • 7,000 species
26
Q

Spongocoel

A

Central cavity of a sponge

27
Q

Osculum

A

A large opening on a sponge that allows water to flow

28
Q

Choanocytes or collar cells

A

In the spongocoel, engulf bacterium and other food particles via phagocytosis

29
Q

Importance of Choanoctyes

A

Resemble Choanoflageletes in appearance, supporting the idea that animals and choanoflagellates share a common ancestor

30
Q

Mesohyl

A

Separates two cell layers of a sponge.

31
Q

Due to both cell layers being in contact with water

A

Cells can do gas exchanges and water removal via diffusion

32
Q

Amoebocytes

A

Named after their pseudopodia, perform many tasks. Move through the mesohyl

33
Q

Some tasks of the Ameobocytes

A
  • Manufacture tough skeleton fiber composed of silica and calcium carbonate for some sponges
  • Manufactures flexible fiber made from protein spongin in some sponges
  • Transport food around the sponge
34
Q

Health benefits from sponges?

A

Produces compounds like cribostatin which can kill cancer cells and penicilian immune strands of streptococcus

35
Q

Eumetazoans

A

Animals with tissue (True animals)

36
Q

Cnidarians originated

A

680 MYA during Cryogenian

37
Q

Two forms of Cnidarians

A

polyp and medusa

38
Q

Polyp

A

Sessile form of cnidarians, but can still move slowly if needed

39
Q

Medusa

A

Motile forms of cnidarians

40
Q

Tentacles of cnidarians

A

Armed with cnidocytes that are used for predation and defense

41
Q

Cnidocytes

A

Have cnidae, capsule-like organelles capable of exploding outward

42
Q

Nematocyst

A

Specialized cnidocytes that contain a stinging thread to penetrate prey

43
Q

Two clades of cnidarians

A

Medusazoans and Anthozoans

44
Q

Medusazoans

A

Jellies and hydras, living in medusa form

45
Q

Anthozoans

A

Corals and anemone

46
Q

Lophotrochozoans

A

The majority of animals belong to the bilateral clade, members exhibit bilateral symmetry and triploblastic development. Most diverse bilateral clade

47
Q

Lophophore

A

Developed by some in lophotrochozoans.

A crown of ciliated tentacles for feeding

48
Q

Two different flatworm linages

A

Catenulids(freshwater) and Rhabditophora (marine and parasites)

49
Q

Trophi

A

Jaws of a rotifer, use it with crowned of cilia to get and crush prey

50
Q

Rotifers reproduce mainly via

A

parthenogenesis

51
Q

Mollusk shells are made of

A

Calcium Carbonate

52
Q

Three main parts of the mollusk body

A

A muscular foot, visceral mass, and a mantle

53
Q

Muscular foot

A

Used for movement

54
Q

Visceral Mass

A

Contains most of the internal organs of the mollusk

55
Q

The Mantle

A

A fold of tissue that drapes over the mantle and secretes a shell

56
Q

Mantle cavity

A

extends beyond visceral mass, houses the gills, anus, and excretory pores

57
Q

Radula

A

used to scoop up food

58
Q

Gonads

A

Located in visceral mass, reproductive organs

59
Q

Ecdysozoans

A

The bilateral clade with animals that shed a tough external coat as they grow (molting)

BIOLOGY 1208 (12 decks)

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