Animal Endocrine system

Question 1

Where do most hormones in vertebrates come from

Answer 1

Specialized glands that secrete them into the bloodstream

Question 2

Hypothalamus

Answer 2

• Integrates nervous and endocrine systems

* Recieves signals from around the body to intiates hormone responses

Question 3

What hormones are secreted by the hypothalamus

Answer 3

• Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone
• Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
• Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone
• Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
• Antidiuretic Hormone
• Oxytocin

Question 4

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone

Answer 4

Stimulates the release of Growth Hormone

Question 5

Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone

Answer 5

Stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 6

Thryrotropin-Releasing Hormone

Answer 6

Stimulates the release of Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 7

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone

Answer 7

Stimulates the release of FSH and LH

Question 8

Antidiuretic Hormone

Answer 8

Promotes reabsorption of water by kidneys, stored in the posterior pituitary

Question 9

Oxytocin

Answer 9

Induces uterine contractions in lab and release of milk from mammary glands, stored in the posterior pituitary

Question 10

Pituitary Gland

Answer 10

Master Gland of the body, located at the base of the brain

• Directly connected to the hypothalamus via the pituitary stalk
• Anterior and Posterior

Question 11

Anterior Pituitary

Answer 11

Controlled by stimulating and regulating hormones

Question 12

Posterior Pituitary

Answer 12

Stores hormones made by hypothalamus, releases them when a signal from neurosecretory cells induce them to

Question 13

Anterior Pituitary Hormones

Answer 13

• Growth Hormone
• Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
• Thyroid-stimulating Hormone
• Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
• Luteinizing Hormone

Question 14

Growth Hormone

Answer 14

Stimulates Growth Factors

Question 15

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Answer 15

Stimulates adrenal glands to secrete glucocorticoids like cortisol and mineralocorticoids

Question 16

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone

Answer 16

Stimulates thyroid to secrete thyroid hormones

Question 17

Prolactin

Answer 17

Stimulates mammary gland growth and milk production

Question 18

Thyroid Gland

Answer 18

Butterfly-shaped gland in the neck.

Produces hormones involved in growth and metabolism

Question 19

Thyroid hormones

Answer 19

Thyroxine (T4)

Triiodothyronine (T3)

Question 20

Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine

Answer 20

• Increase basal metabolic rate
• Affect protein synthesis and other metabolic processes
• Help regulate long bone growth (synergy with growth hormone)

Question 21

Adrenal Gland

Answer 21

Two glands, one located on one kidney. Consists of two layers, the adrenal cortex(outer layer) and adrenal medulla (inner layer) and each produce their own set of hormones

Question 22

Hormones of Adrenal Cortex

Answer 22

• Mineralocorticoids (an example would be aldosterone)

* Glucocorticoids (an example would be cortisol)

Question 23

Mineralocorticoids

Answer 23

Increase reabsorption of sodium in kidneys to regulate water balance

Question 24

Glucocorticoids

Answer 24

A long term stress response hormone that increases blood glucose levels by stimulating the synthesis of glucose and gluconeogenesis in liver cells

Question 25

Adrenal Medulla Hormones

Answer 25

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 26

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 26

* Increases heart rate, breathing rate, cardiac muscle contractions, blood glucose levels, blood pressure * Accelerates the breakdown of glucose in skeletal cells and stored fat in adipose tissue

Question 27

Pancreas

Answer 27

* Located between the stomach and proximal portion of the small intestine * Regulates blood glucose levels via hormones

Question 28

Pancreas's Hormones

Answer 28

Insulin and Glucagon

Question 29

Insulin

Answer 29

Decreases Blood Glucose levels by increasing uptake of glucose by liver and muscle cells, and conversion into glycogen

Question 30

Glucagon

Answer 30

Increases blood glucose levels by promoting the breakdown of glycogen and releases of glucose from liver and muscle cells

Question 31

Gonads

Answer 31

Produce sex steroid hormones that promote the development of secondary sex characteristics and regulate gonad functions

Question 32

Ovaries Hormones

Answer 32

Estradiol, Estrogen, Progestogen

Question 33

Estradiol

Answer 33

Regulates development and maintenance of ovaries and menstrual cycle

Question 34

Proestrogene

Answer 34

Prepares uterus for pregnancy

Question 35

Testes

Answer 35

Regulate development and maintenance of sperm production