Project Quality Management Flashcards
Plan Quality Management
Identifying quality requirements and standards and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance to these quality standards and requirements
Manage Quality
The progress of turning the quality management plan into quality activities
Control Quality
The process of monitoring and controlling the results of executing the quality management activities to ensure the outputs are correct and meet the customers expectations
Define Quality
The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements
Define Grade
A category assigned to deliverables having the same functional use but different technical characteristics
Prevention
Keeping errors out of a process
Inspection
Keeping errors out of the hands of the customers
Attribute Sampling
The result either conforms or does not conform
Variable Sampling
The result is rated on a continuous scale that measures the degree of conformity
Tolerances
Specified range of acceptable results
Control Limits
Identify the boundaries of common variation in a statistically stable process or process performance
What are the 5 effective quality management levels?
- Customer finds defect, 2. Find and correct defects before the deliverable is sent to the customer, 3. Use quality assurance to examine and correct the process itself and not just the defects, 4. Incorporate quality into the planning of the project, 5. Create a company wide culture that is aware and committed to quality
Fitness for Use
The product or service needs to satisfy the real needs
What are the inputs to the quality management plan?
Project charter, the project management plan, project documents, EEFs and OPAs
What are the tools and techniques to the quality management plan?
Expert judgment, data gathering, data analysis, decision making, data representation, test and inspection planning, and meetings
Benchmarking
Comparing actual or planned project practices or the quality standards to those of comparable projects to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement, and provide a basis for measuring
Cost Benefit Analysis for Quality
Financial analysis tool to estimate the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives to find the best solution. Compares the quality activity and the cost of the quality step to the expected benefit
Prevention costs
Costs related to preventing poor quality in products
Appraisal Costs
Costs related to evaluating, measuring, auditing and testing the deliverable
Failure Costs
Costs related to non-conformance of products
Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis
Key issues are identified, prioritized, and weighted with a mathematical score. The alternatives are then ranked by score
What are the 4 data representation techniques for quality?
Flow charts, logical data model, matrix diagrams, and mind mapping
What are the outputs to the quality management plan?
Quality management plan, quality metrics, project management plan updates, project document updates
What is manage quality?
The process of taking the quality management plan and executing quality related activities
What else is manage quality refer to as?
Quality assurance
What is quality assurance about?
Using project processes effectively
Who is responsible for managing quality in agile environments?
All team members
Who is responsible for managing quality in traditional environments?
Specific team members
What are the inputs to manage quality?
Project management plan, project documents, OPAs
What are the tools and techniques to manage quality?
Data gathering, data analysis, decision making, data representation, design for x, problem solving, quality improvement methods
Affinity diagram
Organizes potential causes of defects into groups showing areas that should be focused on most
Cause-and-effect diagrams
Breaks down the cause of the problem into discrete diagrams, helping to identify the main or root cause of the problem
Cause-and-effect diagrams are also known as
Fishbone diagrams, why-why diagrams, or Ishikawa diagrams
Histograms
A graphical representation of numerical data. Can show the number of defects per deliverable, a ranking cause of the defects, or the number of times each process was non compliant
Matrix diagrams
Show the strength of relationships among factors, causes, and objectives that exist between the rows and columns that form the matrix
Scatter diagrams
Shows the relationship between two variables. The process, environment, or activity is on one axis and the quality defect is on the other
Audit
Independent process used to determine if project activities comply with the organizational and project policies, processes, and procedures
Who conducts an audit
Often someone outside of the project
What does DfX stand for?
Design for X
What is Design for X?
Set of technical guidelines that may be applied during the design of a product for the optimization of a specific aspect of the design. Using DfX can result in cost reduction, quality improvement, better performance, customer satisfaction
What are the two most common quality improvement tools?
Plan-do-check-act and six sigma
What are the outputs to manage quality?
Quality reports, test and evaluation documentation, change requests, project management plan updates, project document updates
What is control quality?
The process of monitoring and recording results of executing the quality management activities to assess the performance
What does the control quality process do?
Checks that the project outputs do what they are intended to do
What are the inputs to control quality?
Project management plan, project documents, approved change requests, deliverables, work performance data, EEFs, OPAs
What are the tools and techniques to control quality?
Data gathering, data analysis, inspection, testing/product evaluations, data representation, meetings
What is a check sheet?
Known as tally sheets; used to organize facts in a manner that will facilitate the effective collection of data about a potential quality problem
What is statistical sampling?
Involves choosing part of a population for interest in inspection
Why are control charts used?
Used to determine whether or not a process is stable or has predictable performance
What are the outputs to control quality?
Quality control measurement, verified deliverables, work performance information, change requests, project management plan updates, project document updates
