Project Quality Management

Question 1

Plan Quality Management

Answer 1

• The proecess of identifyin quality requirements and/or standards for the project, its deliverables, and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance with quality requirements or standards

Question 2

Perform Quality Assurance

Answer 2

• Process of auditing the quality requirements and the rssults from the quality control measurements to ensure that appropriate quality standards and operational definitions are used

Question 3

Control Quality

Answer 3

• Process of monitoring and recoridng results of executing the quality activities to assess performance and recommend necessary changes

Question 4

Quality

Answer 4

• the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements
• A level of satisfaction
• Example: high quality, low grade: software with few features, but well documented and well built with no bugs

Question 5

Grade

Answer 5

• Categorization
• Example: low grade might be fewer features

Question 6

Precision

Answer 6

• Measure of Exactness

Question 7

Accuracy

Answer 7

• Assessment of Correctness

Question 8

Cost of Quality

Answer 8

• All costs incurred over the life of the product by investment in:
  
  • preventing nonconformance to requirements
  • appraising the product or service for conformance to requirements
  • failing to meet requirements (rework)
• Think of this as the cost of re-work due to dissatisfaction or low quality.
• Examples: ITC - high cost of quality, Pfizer: low cost of quality
• effects on quality can eb both short term and long-term

Question 9

Failure Cost Categories

Answer 9

• Internal (found by the project)
• External (found by the customer)
• Also called “Cost of Poor Quality”

Question 10

Seven Basic Quality Tools

(7QC Tools)

Answer 10

• Cause and Effect Diagrams
• Flowcharts
• Checksheets
• Pareto Diagrams
• Histograms
• Control Charts
• Scatter Diagrams

Question 11

Cause-and-effect diagrams

Answer 11

• Also known as fishbone or ishikawa diagrams
• Used by putting the problem statement at the point of the fishbone, and working each branch back until a root-cause can be determined or all possibilities are exhausted

Question 12

Flowcharts

Answer 12

• Process Map
• Can prove helpful in determining quality costs by determining each activities costs leading up to the output

Question 13

Checksheets

Answer 13

• Also known as tally sheets
• Checklists of quality items when looking for non/conformance to quality requirements
• Used to collect data during an inspection
• May feed a Pareto Diagram

Question 14

Pareto Diagram

Answer 14

• Special form of vertical bar chart
• used to identify the vital few sources responsible for causing most of a problem’s effects
• Lists each possible cause in decreasing volume totalling 100% on horizontal axis

Question 15

Histogram

Answer 15

• Shows central tendencies of statistical distributions

Question 16

Control Charts

Answer 16

• used to determine if a process is stable orhas predictable performance
• Specification limits are agreed to (upper and lower)
• A process is considered out of control when:
  
  • A data point exceeds a control limit
  • seven consecutive plot points are above the mean
  • seven consecutive plot points are below the mean
• Might also be sued to track schedule or cost variances

Question 17

Scatter Diagram

Answer 17

• plot ordered pairs (x,y)
• Sometimes called a correlation chart

Question 18

Design of Experiments

(DOE)

Answer 18

• Statisical method for identifying which factors may influence specific variable or a product or pprocess under development or in production
• May be used to determine the number and type of tests required for Quality Management Plan
• Plays a role in optimzing products or processes

Question 19

Statistical Sampling

Answer 19

• choosing part of a population of interest for inspection
• Sample frequency and size should be determined in the Quality Management Plan

Question 20

Quality Management and Control Tools

Answer 20

• Affinity Diagrams
• Process Decision Program Charts (PDPC)
• Interrelationship Diagraphs
• Tree Diagrams
• Prioritzation Matrices
• Activity Network diagrams
• Matrix diagrams

Question 21

Affinity Diagrams

Answer 21

• Similar to mind-mapping techniques
• used to generate ideas that can be linked to form organized patterns of thought
• Might enhance the development of the WBS

Question 22

Process Decision Program Charts

(PDPC)

Answer 22

• used to understand goal in relation to the steps for getting to the goal
• Useful as a method of contingency planning

Question 23

Interrelationship Diagraphs

Answer 23

• Provide a process for creatvie problems solving in moderately complex scenarios that posess intertwined logical relationships for up to 50 relevant items
• may be developed from other quality tools like the tree or affinitiy diagrams

Question 24

Tree Diagrams

Answer 24

• Also know as systematic diagrams
• used to represent decomposition hierarchies such as WBS, RBS, and OBS

Question 25

Prioritization Matrices

Answer 25

• Identify key issues and the suitable alternatives to be prioritizedas a set of decisions for implementation

Question 26

Activity Network Diagrams

Answer 26

• Same as used in scheduling

Question 27

Matrix Diagrams

Answer 27

• Seeks to show the strengths in relationships between factors
• Think of a typical matrix (columns and rows)

Question 28

Prevention

Answer 28

• Keeping errors out of the process

Question 29

Inspection

Answer 29

• Keeping errors out of the hands of the customer

Question 30

Attribute Sampling

Answer 30

• the result either conforms or does not conform

Question 31

Variables Sampling

Answer 31

• Result is rated on a continuous scale that measures the degree of conformity

Question 32

Tolerances

Answer 32

• Specified range of acceptable results

Question 33

Control Limits

Answer 33

• Identify the boundaries of common variation in a statistically stable process or process performance