Project and Practice Management

Question 1

5 considerations in scheduling

Answer 1

cost
time
aesthetics
function
sustainability

Question 2

GANTT CHART

Answer 2

bar chart with float indicated; shows flow/order but not critical path

Question 3

CRITICAL PATH SCHEDULE

Answer 3

shows activities and indicates duration with dependencies

tasks illustrated as arrows

Question 4

DUMMY

Answer 4

in critical path chart, a dotted line to separate 2 tasks otherwise defined by the same point

Question 5

7 major elements in cost estimating

Answer 5

site acquisition
construction
professional services
inspection and testing
contingencies
financing
misc. (atty, listing for bids, permits...)

Question 6

estimating method by project phase

Answer 6

programming: unit cost
schematic design: major elements and building subsystem options compared
design development: more detail with suggested changes
construction documents: components, assemblies, and systems (used to verify pay applications)

Question 7

FEE CALCULATION: DSE

Answer 7

Multiple of Direct Salary Expense

multiply by factor to cover fringe benefits, overhead and profit

Question 8

FEE CALCULATION: DPE

Answer 8

Multiple of Direct Personnel Expense

fringe benefits and salary multiplied by a factor to cover overhead and profit

Question 9

FEE CALCULATION: PROFESSIONAL FEE PLUS EXPENSES

Answer 9

professional services separated from specific identified costs

Question 10

FEE CALCULATION: HOURLY BILLING RATE

Answer 10

billed at standard rate for hours worked - often on a “not-to-exceed” basis

Question 11

FEE CALCULATION: STIPULATED / LUMP SUM

Answer 11

total payment amount is agreed upon

may be as a percentage of construction cosst

Question 12

FEE CALCULATION: UNIT PRICE CONTRACT

Answer 12

based on acceptance of unit price quotes for various elements

Question 13

architectural fees as percentage of construction cost

Answer 13

10%

Question 14

mechanical fees as percentage of construction cost

Answer 14

15%

Question 15

electrical fees as percentage of construction cost

Answer 15

12.5%

Question 16

civil fees as percentage of construction cost

Answer 16

10.5%

Question 17

structural fees as percentage of construction cost

Answer 17

9.4%

Question 18

contractor fees: general overhead

Answer 18

8-10% firm value

Question 19

contractor fees: project overhead

Answer 19

4-10% construction cost

Question 20

contractor fees: profit

Answer 20

15-20% small
10-15% medium
5-10% large

Question 21

cost estimating: pre-planning/ proposal

Answer 21

unit cost bsis

Question 22

cost estimating: programming

Answer 22

unit cost based on similar building types and function of spaces

Question 23

cost estimating: schematic design

Answer 23

based on major elements of building systems

Question 24

cost estimating: design development

Answer 24

based on detailed components

Question 25

cost estimating: construction documents

Answer 25

based on unit rates for components, assemblies and systems

Question 26

project phases as percentage of entire project duration

Answer 26

``` schematic design: 15% design development: 15% construction documents: 35% bidding and negotiation: 5% construction administration: 30% project closeout might be 2-5% ```

Question 27

5 factors that impact schedule

Answer 27

``` project size budget complexity number of people on project reaction time ```

Question 28

FLOAT

Answer 28

in a critical path schedule, range of time during which a non-critical activity can start and end without affecting the overall schedule

Question 29

FAST TRACK SCHEDULE

Answer 29

CDs issued in bid packages so that construction can begin while design is being completed 10-30% reduction in time to complete

Question 30

PROJECT SCHEDULING: BRIDGING

Answer 30

a type of design-build. Owner secures price early and contractor contributes knowledge of construction methods and materials and relationships with suppliers. Contractor controls detailing and architect provides advice. Lower up-front cost / overal cost effective contractor solely responsible for product of construction

Question 31

SHUTTLE DIPLOMACY

Answer 31

revising written document over and over until 2 parties agree time-consuming but effective when far apart on opinions

Question 32

GROUPTHINK

Answer 32

decision by deference - mediocre result because ideas aren't challenged and refined

Question 33

BRAINSTORMING

Answer 33

generat as many ideas as possible without considering feasibility and with no criique

Question 34

LATERAL THINKING

Answer 34

non-linear thinking that creates a number of alternatives for later evaluation

Question 35

PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY INSURANCE

Answer 35

held by architects/design professionals | for negligence in meeting standard of care expected (ex: not meeting ADA compliance)

Question 36

WORKER'S COMPENSATION INSURANCE

Answer 36

help by almost everyone | liability to employees for injury or sickness as a result of work

Question 37

PROPERTY/BUILDERS RISK INSURANCE

Answer 37

held by owner | covers damages, loss of work on site, off site, or in transit

Question 38

LOSS OF USE INSUTANCE

Answer 38

held by owner | covers financial loss due to delay in construction because of damage, accidents, fire and other hazards

Question 39

PRODUCT AND COMPLETED OPERATIONS INSURANCE

Answer 39

held by contractor | liability for damages caused by installed goods after construction and transfer of title

Question 40

CONTRACTUAL/INDEMNIFICATION INSURANCE

Answer 40

liability assumed by contract where contractor agrees to hold owner and architect harmless for damages as a result of specific events