Codes and Regulations Flashcards by Emmy Chamberlin

THRESHOLD OF PAIN

140dB

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NORMAL SOUND LEVELS

50-60 dB

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OWNERSHIP: JOINT TENANTS

all owners hold all of the property; passes to survivor on death

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DECIBEL

+10dB sounds 10x louder and is twice as much sound

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OWNERSHIP: PARTNERSHIP

similar to joint; on death partnership may be dissolved or property may be distributed among survivors and/or estate

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5 restrictions by zoning

use and intensity of use for a parcel of land
prevention of discordant nuisances
protection against undesirable business
protection against danger
protection of light, air, and open space

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OWNERSHIP: CORPORATION

legal organization separate from its shareholders; shears pass to heirs but corporation remains and acts as a single individual

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SPOT ZONING

change in zoning allowed for a specific parcel

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OWNERSHIP: TRUSTEE

holds property in its own name on behalf of another person or group; must act in their best interests

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VARIANCE

exception to an ordinance that benefits and individual or the user

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OWNERSHIP: FEE SIMPLE/ FEE ABSOLUTE

absolute ownership; passes by sale or bequest

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CONDITIONAL USE PERMIT

exception to an ordinance that benefits the public

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OWNERSHIP: CONDOMINIUM

fee simple for a portion of a structure; pay fees for areas shared jointly; owner of structure can sell or pass to an heir

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NON-CONFORMING USE

after changes in zoning, no longer complies; usually allowed to remain unless unsafe. if changed, it must be made to meet code

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

describe possible adverse effects and irreversible or irretrievable commitment of resources
required by National Environmental Policy Act of 1969

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OWNERSHIP: LEASEHOLD

right to use property under terms of a lease; limited time

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4 elements of the Environmental Impact Statement

resource inventory
description of project
environmental impact assessment
alternatives

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OWNERSHIP: SALE AND LEASEBACK

owner recovers capital but retains use by selling development in return for lease of space

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EIS: elements of resource inventory

topo, location, size, vegetation, use, soils, geology, groundwater, wildlife, climatology, air quality, noise, socioeconomics, demographics, transport, utilities, archaeology/history

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METES AND BOUNDS

description of a parcel of land; starts at a base point and describes length and angle of each side

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EIS: elements of project description

need/benefit, economic feasibility, planned facilities, waste generation, moise levels, meeting air and water quality standards, energy and water, transport and manpower requirements

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CHECK

24mi square; 16 townships

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EIS: elements of environmental impact assessment

compare proposal with resources, perform sustainable design assessment, identify direct and secondary impact of project during construction and operation, consider average and worst-case conditions

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TOWNSHIP

6mi square; 36 sections

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EIS: elements of 'alternatives'

other locations considered and why one was selected, process or methods, configurations, 'no action' assessment, unavoidable adverse environmental and socioeconomic impacts, listed in order of magnitude

SECTION

1mi square; 4 quarters

DEED RESTRICTION

clause that restricts future use of land by the buyer

QUARTER

1/4mi square; 4 quarter quarters

OWNERSHIP: COOPERATIVE

owner doesn't hold a specific piece of property but owns share in stock of corporation that owns land; shares can be bequeathed with permission

AFFIRMATIVE COVENANT

commitment by buyer to perform duties (maintenance of road or fence, etc) generally used in PUDs and condominiums

QUARTER QUARTER

1/8mi square; also sixteenth

CONDITIONAL COVENANT

covenant that, if violated, requires land be returned to original owner

PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN

N/S line dividing checks

10 sections common in building codes

``` construction documents use group height and area construction type siting fire performance interior environment and design exterior envelope structural performance building service systems ```

BASE LINE OR PARALLEL

E/W line dividing checks

RANGE LINE

E/W line dividing townships

FIRE ZONE

fire risk rating based on population density, building height, street width, access and congestion, fire department equipment and competence

TOWNSHIP LINE

N/S line dividing townships

EASEMENT

right to utilize land without ownership or compensation

PARTY WALL AGREEMENT

each owner has an easement for the half of the wall on the other side of the property line (similar for shared driveways)

SLOPE: FLAT; ALL ACTIVITIES

less than 4%

SLOPE: MODERATE

4-10%

SLOPE: STEEP; UNSTABLE

10-50%

SLOPE: VERY STEEP, LIKELY TO ERODE

greater than 50%

SLOPE: STORM DRAIN

0.3% minimum

SLOPE: SANITARY SEWER

0.4-1.4%

SLOPE: STREET SURFACE DRAINAGE

0.5% minimum

SLOPE: PLANTINGS OR LARGE PAVERS

1% minimum

SLOPE: LAWN

25% maximum

SLOPE: PLANTED BANK

50% maximum

2 kinds of building codes

prescriptive: details construction techniques, methods and materials performance: establishes functional requirements but leaves method to designer

SLOPE: PARKING AREA

5% maximum

SLOPE: AUTOMOBILE RAMP

8% maximum

SLOPE: SIDEWALK

10% maximum

RESTRICTIVE COVENANT

prescribes height, size or appearance, storage, pets usually residential harder to change than zoning

EMINENT DOMAIN

government right to take property; 5th amendment requires just compensation. must be used for government, public or economic development or an easement

SLOPE: STREETS AND DRIVEWAYS

10% maximum

CUMULATIVE ZONING

allows less intensive uses than what a parcel is actually zoned for

INCENTIVE ZONING

encourages private developers to provide public amenities by allowing taller or larger structures

size of parking stall | square footage/car

9'x18-20' Accessible: 8' wide with 5' alley 290 sqft per car

parking to shopping area ratio

3-4,000 parking to 1,000 shopping

``` wheelchair ramps: slope width length landings ```

slope: 1:12-1:20 width: 3' lenght: 30' max landings: 5' at each end

RIPARIAN RIGHTS

allows property owner whose lot abuts a body of water to make use of hat resource

LITTORAL RIGHTS

apply to property owners along ocean shores and navigable lakes; allow owners to make use of he water resource

AIR RIGHTS

permit owner to use open space above land or existing structure; can be sold and transferred to another building

SUBSURFACE RIGHTS

pertain to oil, coal and minerals found beneath the surface of the land; can be sold

AREA OF REFUGE

location to hold occupants when evacuation is not safe or possible stead supply of outside air passive fire protection electrical integrity/emergency lighting 2-way communication/call box to outside line manned 24 hours