Famous People and Places Flashcards

1
Q

Christopher Wren

A

Master Plan for London after Great Fire in 1666
St. Paul’s Cathedral
Baroque

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2
Q

Kevin Lynch

A

1950s and 60s
Urban Planner in New England
coined imageability and wayfinding
The Image of the City

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3
Q

Christopher Alexander

A

1970s

A Pattern Language

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4
Q

Camillo Sitte

A

1800s
European architect/planner
City Planning According to Artistic Principles
preferred irregular space - 3d, not 2d - quality of urban space more important than architectural forms
open spaces as enclosed rooms - agora and forum
integrate, don’t isolate churches and monuments

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5
Q

Baron Haussmann

A

1850s
Napoleon II’s civic planner to modernize Paris
designed wide, tree-lined boulevards
some zoning and code set up

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6
Q

Tony Garnier

A
1920s
French architect/planner
Cite Industrial: leisure, industry, work and transportation: response to Industrial Revolution
vocational schools near industries
no church, govt, or police
large open spaces
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7
Q

Pierre Charles L’Enfant

A

1790/1800s
Washington D.C. master plan in baroque style
radial avenues from great sights
plan eventually given to Andrew Ellicott instead but 1901 redesign used L’Enfant’s

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8
Q

Daniel Burnham

A
1890s/1900s
Architect/Urban planner
Chicago school and skyscraper
World's Columbian Exposition
Masonic Temple, Flatiron, D.C. Union Station
Monadnock, Reilance and Rookery
prepared Chicago plan - anyone can walk to a park
helped with McMillan plan
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9
Q

William LeBaron Jenney

A
1890s
architect in Chicago
Father of the American Skyscraper
Home Insurance Building - first fully metal framed/first skyscraper at 8 stories
fireproof construction
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10
Q

Lewis Mumford

A

1950s-80s
historian in NYC
language and symbols over tools
critic of urban sprawl and social effects - proponent of medieval city design

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11
Q

Frederick Law Olmstead

A

1890s
journalist/LA in NYC
Central and Prospect Parks
Father of Landscape Architecture

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12
Q

Patrick Geddes

A
1890s
planner/biologist in France
concept of region in architecture
form and society tied together
preserve life and energy instead of superficial beauty
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13
Q

Le Corbusier

A

1910s-50s
architect in France
Modern Architecture - distanced himself from the past
function without ornamentation
developed The Modulor - golden section, Fibonacci, double unit

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14
Q

Louis Sullivan

A

1890s-1900s
Architect in Chicago
Father of the Modern Skyscrape
rinspired FLW and the Prairie School
steel frames, terra cotta, emphasis on verticality
exterior to reflect interior, orientation based on nature

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15
Q

FLW

A

1900s
Architect in Chicago
Prairie School - harmony with nature

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16
Q

Walter Gropius

A

1910s-1950s
Architect in Germany and Boston
Bauhaus School, modern, and International Style
gesamtkunstwerk or total work of art

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17
Q

Ludwig Hilbersimer

A

1920s-50s
Architect and urban planner in Germany and Chicago
Bauhaus teacher
wrote City Plan with emphasis on street hierarchy
concept of new town center
sustainable= habitation built to secure against disaster and crises

18
Q

Jane Jacobs

A

1950s and 60s
The Death and Life of Great American Cities
dense mixed use
coined ‘eyes on the street’

19
Q

Ebenezer Howard

A

1910s
London writer
Garden City Movement: live in harmony with nature
small suburban towns, financially independent with ag. belt
connected by ring of rail transit connected to major city

20
Q

Clarence Perry

A

1920s-30s
planner/writer in NYC
proponent of community and rec center
The Neighborhood Theory

21
Q

Buckminster Fuller

A

1950s
Architect engineer inventor in LA
geodesic dome

22
Q

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

A
1920s-50s
architect in Germany and Chicago
pioneer of modern architecture
less is more
God is in the details
Rationality
23
Q

Charles McKim

A

1890s
architect in Germany and Boston
McKim, Mead and White - brought beaux arts architecture to America
Boston Public Library, Penn Station, New York Herald Building

24
Q

Phillip Johnson

A

1940s-2000
New England
modern, simple
Glass House and Seagram Building

26
Q

World’s Columbian Exposition

A

Daniel Burnham and Frederick Law Olmstead
ideal city
Beaux Arts and French neoclassical - symmetry, balance, and splendor

27
Q

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE: ROMANESQUE

A

900s-1100s
medieval Europe
round arches, arcades
symbolism

28
Q

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE: GOTHIC

A

1100s-1300s
Europe
pointed arch, buttress, ribs
thinner, airier construction

29
Q

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE: GEORGIAN

A

1760s-90s
Colonial America
5 bays, 2 stories, 12 over 12 windows
symmetry, gambrel roof, lots of detailing

30
Q

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE: FEDERAL/ADAMESQUE

A
1790s-1820s
America
pompeii
delicate and ornamental; circularwindow in pediment, pilaster arcade
12 over 12 windows, transoms
31
Q

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE:GREEK REVIVAL

A
1840s-1860s
America
chunky temple
6 over 6 windows
squared lintel
2 columns and 2 pilasters on facade
32
Q

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE:GOTHIC REVIVAL

A

1850s-1860s
England (not America)
revival in response to neoclassical/ beaux arts
steep roof, pointed arch, irregular L plan

33
Q

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE: ITALIANATE

A
1865-1880
Northern Europe, America
16th c. Italy
tall, irregular or symmetrical
2 over 2 long windows
quoining, squared
34
Q

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE:SECOND EMPIRE

A

1870s-1880s
America
Italianate with mansard roofs

35
Q

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE: SHINGLE STYLE

A
1880s
England and America
mimics shapes of stone
volume instead of elements
curved gambrel
36
Q

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE: RICHARDSONIAN ROMANESQUE

A

1880s
America
wild colors, scalloped shingles, gable screens, turrets, irregular roof, starburst, finials
decorative

37
Q

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE: AMERICAN 4 SQUARE

A

1890s-1930s
America
type that fits any style
cube with 2 windows over 1 door 1 window

38
Q

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE: COLONIAL REVIVAL

A
1890s-1930s
America
excessive, out-of-scale details
classical columns
8 over 8
39
Q

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE: PRAIRIE SCHOOL

A

1890s-1920s
America
horizontal
stucco, broad eaves, private

40
Q

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE: BUNGALOW / CRAFTSMAN

A

1913-1920
America
japanese influence
square battered columns, exposed rafter tails, wide eaves

41
Q

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE: ART DECO

A

1920s
Western Europe
stripped-down gothic
vertical, ornamental mechanics

42
Q

Oscar Newman

A

1970s
city planner in America
book Defensible Space (and Design Guidelines for Creating Defensible Space)

43
Q

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE: INTERNATIONAL STYLE

A

1920s
Western Style
industrialization of crafts
Bauhaus