Famous People and Places Flashcards
Christopher Wren
Master Plan for London after Great Fire in 1666
St. Paul’s Cathedral
Baroque
Kevin Lynch
1950s and 60s
Urban Planner in New England
coined imageability and wayfinding
The Image of the City
Christopher Alexander
1970s
A Pattern Language
Camillo Sitte
1800s
European architect/planner
City Planning According to Artistic Principles
preferred irregular space - 3d, not 2d - quality of urban space more important than architectural forms
open spaces as enclosed rooms - agora and forum
integrate, don’t isolate churches and monuments
Baron Haussmann
1850s
Napoleon II’s civic planner to modernize Paris
designed wide, tree-lined boulevards
some zoning and code set up
Tony Garnier
1920s French architect/planner Cite Industrial: leisure, industry, work and transportation: response to Industrial Revolution vocational schools near industries no church, govt, or police large open spaces
Pierre Charles L’Enfant
1790/1800s
Washington D.C. master plan in baroque style
radial avenues from great sights
plan eventually given to Andrew Ellicott instead but 1901 redesign used L’Enfant’s
Daniel Burnham
1890s/1900s Architect/Urban planner Chicago school and skyscraper World's Columbian Exposition Masonic Temple, Flatiron, D.C. Union Station Monadnock, Reilance and Rookery prepared Chicago plan - anyone can walk to a park helped with McMillan plan
William LeBaron Jenney
1890s architect in Chicago Father of the American Skyscraper Home Insurance Building - first fully metal framed/first skyscraper at 8 stories fireproof construction
Lewis Mumford
1950s-80s
historian in NYC
language and symbols over tools
critic of urban sprawl and social effects - proponent of medieval city design
Frederick Law Olmstead
1890s
journalist/LA in NYC
Central and Prospect Parks
Father of Landscape Architecture
Patrick Geddes
1890s planner/biologist in France concept of region in architecture form and society tied together preserve life and energy instead of superficial beauty
Le Corbusier
1910s-50s
architect in France
Modern Architecture - distanced himself from the past
function without ornamentation
developed The Modulor - golden section, Fibonacci, double unit
Louis Sullivan
1890s-1900s
Architect in Chicago
Father of the Modern Skyscrape
rinspired FLW and the Prairie School
steel frames, terra cotta, emphasis on verticality
exterior to reflect interior, orientation based on nature
FLW
1900s
Architect in Chicago
Prairie School - harmony with nature
Walter Gropius
1910s-1950s
Architect in Germany and Boston
Bauhaus School, modern, and International Style
gesamtkunstwerk or total work of art
Ludwig Hilbersimer
1920s-50s
Architect and urban planner in Germany and Chicago
Bauhaus teacher
wrote City Plan with emphasis on street hierarchy
concept of new town center
sustainable= habitation built to secure against disaster and crises
Jane Jacobs
1950s and 60s
The Death and Life of Great American Cities
dense mixed use
coined ‘eyes on the street’
Ebenezer Howard
1910s
London writer
Garden City Movement: live in harmony with nature
small suburban towns, financially independent with ag. belt
connected by ring of rail transit connected to major city
Clarence Perry
1920s-30s
planner/writer in NYC
proponent of community and rec center
The Neighborhood Theory
Buckminster Fuller
1950s
Architect engineer inventor in LA
geodesic dome
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
1920s-50s architect in Germany and Chicago pioneer of modern architecture less is more God is in the details Rationality
Charles McKim
1890s
architect in Germany and Boston
McKim, Mead and White - brought beaux arts architecture to America
Boston Public Library, Penn Station, New York Herald Building
Phillip Johnson
1940s-2000
New England
modern, simple
Glass House and Seagram Building
