Progressive Presidents Flashcards
How did Theodore Roosevelt become popular?
due to his status as a hero in the Spanish-American War and his belief in “speaking softly and carrying a big stick”
What political party was Roosevelt associated with?
Republican
What was Roosevelt’s policy?
demanded a “Square Deal” that would address his primary concerns for the era
What were Roosevelt’s 3 C’s?
control of corporations, consumer protection, and conservation
Who did Roosevelt support in the miners vs owners?
miners, gave them a 10% increase in pay and a 9-hour work day
Which trust did Roosevelt dissolve earning him the title “trust buster”
Northern Securities
What department did Roosevelt urge Congress to create and what do they do?
Department of Commerce and Labor, designed to monitor corporations and ensure that they engage in fair business practices
Why was the Bureau of Corporations created?
to benefit consumers by monitoring interstate commerce, helping dissolve monopolies, and promoting fair competition between companies
Under whose administration was the Elkins Act created and what was it?
Roosevelt, levied heavy fines on companies that engaged in illegal rebating
Under whose administration was the Hepburn Act created and what was it?
greatly strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission
After the Hepburn Act, what could the ICC now do?
allowed the commission to set maximum rates, inspect a company’s book, and investigate railroads, sleeping car companies, oil pipelines, and other transportation firms
Under whose administration was the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act created and what was it?
Roosevelt, helped prevent the adulteration and mislabeling of food, alcohol, and drugs
Under whose administration was the Newlands Act created and what was it?
Roosevelt, allowed the federal government to sell public lands in the arid, desert western states and devote the proceeds to irrigation projects
What did Roosevelt do that guaranteed the preservation of some natural resources for future generations?
set aside 125 million acres of timberlands as federal reserves, performed similar with coal and water reserves
What was a problem under Roosevelt’s administration and how was it attempted to be solved?
The Panic of 1907, tried to be solved by the issuing of the Aldrich-Vreeland Act
Under whose administration was the Aldrich-Vreeland Act created and what was it?
Roosevelt, authorized national banks to issue emergency currency backed up by collateral
When did Roosevelt become president?
1901
Who was Taft?
a mild Progressive and an easy-going man
What party was Taft associated with?
Republican
When did Taft become president?
1908
What was Taft’s policy?
adopted an attitude passivity toward Congress, poor judge of public opinion
What was Taft’s administrations main goal?
used the level of American investments to boost American political interest abroad
What was the name of Taft’s administration’s approach?
“dollar diplomacy”
How did Taft gain fame?
smasher of many monopolies including Standard Oil Company
How did Taft compare to Roosevelt?
did not share some of the Progressive ideas and policies that Roosevelt endorsed, many people felt that Taft lacked the mental physical stamina necessary to be an effective president
Under whose administration was the Payne-Aldrich Tariff created and what was it?
Taft, effectively raised tariffs on almost all products
Who were the groups and who did they support in the rift between the Republicans during Taft’s presidency?
“Old Guard” Republicans (Taft) and Progressive Republicans (Roosevelt)
Who was Woodrow Wilson?
idealist, a mild conservative turned militant Progressive
What party was Wilson associated with?
Democrat
When was Wilson elected President?
1912
What was Wilson’s policy?
called for an assault on “the triple walls of privilege”
What were the “triple walls of privilege”?
tariffs, banks, and trusts
Under whose administration was the Underwood Tariff Bill created and what was it?
Wilson, significantly reduced import fees, introduced graduated income tax
Under whose administration was the Federal Reserve Act created and what was it?
Wilson, created a Federal Reserve Board which oversaw a system of 12 regional reserve districts, each with its own central bank
What was issued under the Federal Reserve Act and what were they?
issued Federal Reserve Notes, paper currency that quickly allowed the government to adjust to the flow of money
Under whose administration was the Federal Trade Commission Act created and what was it?
Wilson, allowed the government to closely inspect companies engaged in interstate commerce, such as meatpackers and railroads
What did the Commission now investigate after the Federal Trade Commission Act?
investigated unfair trading practices such as false advertising, monopolistic practices, bribery, and misrepresentation
Under whose administration was the Clayton Act created and what was it?
Wilson, strengthened Sherman Anti-Trust Act (prohibit trusts), redefined the practices that were considered monopolistic and illegal, provided support for labor unions by exempting labor from antitrust prosecution and legalizing strikes and peaceful picketing
Under whose administration was the Federal Farm Loan Act created and what was it?
Wilson, made credit available to farmers at low rates of interest
Under whose administration was the Warehouse Act created and what was it?
authorized loans on the security of staple crops
Under whose administration was the La Follette Seamen’s Act created and what was it?
Wilson, required treatment and living wages on American merchant ships
Under whose administration was the Workingmen’s Compensation Act created and what was it?
Wilson, granted assistance to federal civil-service employees during periods of disability
Under whose administration was the Adamson Act created and what was it?
Wilson, established an 8-hour day for all employeeds on trains in interstate
Compare the foreign policies of Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson.
Wilson recoiled from an aggressive foreign policy unlike Roosevelt and Taft