John D Clare Test Review

Question 1

Describe the traditional view concerning why America didn’t join the League of Nations. What was the political battle behind the scenes? What is the modern view?

Answer 1

The traditional view for why America didn’t join the League of Nations is because of their isolationist approach. The political battle behind the scenes was between President Wilson and his opponents. The modern views of historians say that neither Americans not the Senate were really isolationist at all, and that the Treaty was lost rather by Wilson’s stupidity.

Question 2

What was the traditional view of the United States? (IMAGE)

Answer 2

IMAGE stands for Isolationism/Money/American soldiers/German immigrants/Empires.

Question 3

What was Senator Borah’s viewpoint on The League of Nations?

Answer 3

Senator Borah is saying that the US has become involved in enough of European affairs and it is time to return back to isolationism therefore joining the League would be a huge mistake.

Question 4

What was President Wilson’s view on The League of Nations?

Answer 4

Wilson wanted to join the League and thought that those who were not giving into joining the league were dumb.

Question 5

Explain the political battle between Wilson and the Senate.

Answer 5

Wilson wanted to sign the treaty but since America was a democracy he had to go to Congress and propose his idea, but the Senate was mostly republican. The Republicans led by Henry Cabot Lodge defeated the treaty and it wasn’t signed.

Question 6

Why do historians who support the modern view state that Americans were not isolationists? Why do they think America didn’t join the League? Why do they call Wilson stupid?

Answer 6

Americans were not isolationist because opinion polls at the time showed that more than 80% of Americans supported the idea of a league of nations. They think America didn’t join the league because changes weren’t made to the Treaty of Versailles. They think Wilson was stupid because they treaty would have been passed, but Wilson wouldn’t compromise or accept any change.

Question 7

What is historian Joseph R. Stromberg view on why the US didn’t sign a treaty for The League of Nations?

Answer 7

Joseph R. Stromberg states that joining the league didn’t happen due to opposition from the unilateral imperialists like Lodge and the anti-imperialists like Senator William E. Borah.

Question 8

What is historian Paul Johnson view on why the US didn’t sign a treaty for The League of Nations?

Answer 8

Paul Johnson felt that the blame for the failure of the treaty should be placed on Wilson because all he had to do was accept the changes and America would have joined the league.

Question 9

Name the two developments under Harding that led to isolationism.

Answer 9

The first was to increase tariffs on foreign imports to protect American industry. The second was to restrict immigration.

Question 10

What did President Wilson think of increasing tariffs?

Answer 10

Wilson didn’t support increasing tariffs because he believed that America should start butying from her so that Europe will be obligated to pay debts. If tariffs are increased then people will stop buying.

Question 11

What was the Fordney-McCumber Act of 1922?

Answer 11

The Fordney-McCumber Act of 1922 established the highest tariffs in history, with some duties up to 400% and an average of 40%. There were two principles, first the scientific part where tariffs were linked to the wages in the country of export. If the wages were low in a export country, then that country’s goods were given a proportionately higher tariff. This negated the effect of lower wages in competitior countries. The second part was the american selling price which linked tariffs to the price of American goods instead of the cost of production. This meant that foreign imports were always more expensive than American-produced goods, however cheaply they had been made.

Question 12

Why did Americans want higher tariffs? (WAIF)

Answer 12

Americans wanted higher tariffs due to Wartime Boom (business boomed), American wages (wages rising), Isolationism (self-sufficient), and Farm Bloc (overproduction causing a depression in farming) (WAIF).

Question 13

What was Israel Zangwill’s view on immigration?

Answer 13

America is a mix of multiple races

Question 14

What was President Coolidge’s view on immigration?

Answer 14

those who don’t want to assimilate should not come here at all

Question 15

What was Senator Heflin of Alabama’s view on immigration?

Answer 15

believes immigrants are a danger to society and that they should not be here

Question 16

What was The Immigration Law of 1917?

Answer 16

required all immigrants to prove they could read English, banned all immigration from Asia and charged an immigration fee of $8.

Question 17

What was The Emergency Quota Act of 1921?

Answer 17

the number of immigrants from the eastern hemisphere could be no more than 3% of that already in America. It set the maximum number of immigrants in any year at 357,000

Question 18

What was The Reed-Johnson Act of 1924?

Answer 18

set the maximum number of immigrants in any year at 154,000. Quota from eastern hemisphere reduced to 2%. 20,000 from southern and eastern Europe and 4,000 from non-Europeans

Question 19

Why did Americans want to stop immigration? (PRT)

Answer 19

Prejudice/Red Scare/Trade Unions (immigrants would work for lower wages).

Question 20

What measures were taken to help “Americanize” immigrants?

Answer 20

The Federal Bureau of Naturalization organized naturalization proceedings, and patriotic Americanization Day rallies. The Federal Bureau of Education organized courses on politics and democracy to prepare immigrants for the citizenship exam. Courts punished immigrants harshly for political crimes.

Question 21

What does a “how far” question indicate?

Answer 21

A “how far” question indicates that there are two sides to the argument.

Question 22

What led to the booming economy (CI SUCCESS and PAT GOT CASH)?

Answer 22

The first part was Consumer boom/Innovation in production methods/Synthetics/Upsurge in car ownership/Consumer durables and electrical goods/Communications revolution/Entertainment industry/Stock market/Skyscrapers, highways and urban development. The second part was Population/Abundant raw materials/Tariffs/Government/Opportunities of new technology/Techniques of production/Cycle of prosperity/Advertising/Sales methods/Hire purchase.

Question 23

How did President Coolidge view business?

Answer 23

Coolidge saw business as the most important part of America.

Question 24

How did President Hoover view the economic success?

Answer 24

Hoover thinks poverty will disappear and it is all thanks to the Republican system

Question 25

According to Garraty, what problems evolved in the 1920s?

Answer 25

Garraty says the wealth had fallen to few therefore consumers were unable to buy all the goods produced. Also the credit policies of the Federal Reserve favored the rich.

Question 26

According to Terkel what were the times like in the 1920s?

Answer 26

Terkel says that people were taking gambles all the time in stocks in hopes of getting rich to only fall down worse than original.

Question 27

Describe the economic weaknesses in the 1920s (FLOP CUTS).

Answer 27

The economic weaknesses were Farming (machinery and overproduction led to rapidly falling prices)/Low wage earners/Old industries/Poor black Americans/Cartels, trusts and monopolies/Unemployment/Trade problems/Stock exchange.

Question 28

What were the 5 aspects of American life in the 1920s? (POWER)

Answer 28

The five aspects of American life in the 1920s were Prohibition/Organized Crime/Women’s Lives/Entertainment/Racism.

Question 29

Describe the positive developments in entertainment and women’s lives in the 1920s?

Answer 29

The positive developments associated with entertainment were film, jazz, and dances. The positive developments associate with women were work, voting, and flappers.

Question 30

Describe the negative developments in racism, prohibition and organized crime in the 1920s.

Answer 30

The negative developments in racism were hostility to immigrants, American governments, Jim Crow Laws, Ku Klux Klan, and lynchings. The negative developments associated with prohibition were drinking continued, alcohol was still available, made criminals or ordinary people, adverse effects, and gangsterism flourished running the illegal trade. The negative developments associated with organized crime were rise in it, speakeasies and bootlegging, bribing, Al Capone, and competition.

Question 31

How does organized crime flourish in the 1920s?

Answer 31

Organized crime flourished through speakeasies and bootlegging, bribing, Al Capone, and competition.

Question 32

What does Al Capone say he is supplying and how is he supplying it?

Answer 32

Al Capone says he is supplying a public demand in the best and least harmful way he can.

Question 33

Why was there a crash in 1929? (4)

Answer 33

There was a crash in 1929 due to Wall Street over-heated, Speculation (stocks and shares), Corruption, and Panic.

Question 34

Why was there a great depression in the 1930s? (7)

Answer 34

The was a great depression in the 1930s due to a drop in spending, the great crash, the American Federal Reserve, tariffs, maldistribution of wealth, weaknesses in the economy, and the cycle of depression.

Question 35

List the “facts” of the depression as seen in textbooks. (SFWHHVB)

Answer 35

Statistics/Farmers/Welfare and Despair/Hobos and Hoovervilles/Hatred of Hoover/Violence/Bonus Army.

Question 36

What was Will Rogers viewpoint on the depression and wealth?

Answer 36

Will Rogers in saying that the wealth is so concentrated in the few of the people that even those who were once good financially are now struggling and the blame should be put on the wealthy.

Question 37

Was the Great Depression that bad?

Answer 37

The depression wasn’t that bad because Hoover cut taxes and passed acts. Also not all industries suffered and those that kept their jobs were better off as prices were lower.

Question 38

In FDR’s Fourth Fireside Chat, what three steps did he propose to get the US out of the depression?

Answer 38

Relief (helping the poor and unemployed to survive), Recovery (getting the economy going again), and Reform (changing things so a depression could never happen like that again).

Question 39

Describe the components of the first New Deal. (3)

Answer 39

Confidence (abolished prohibition, fireside chats, bank holiday, and stock exchange), Finance and Economy (budget, bankruptcies, prices and wages, currency), Alphabet Agencies (Civilian Conservation Corps, Federal Emergency Relief Administration, Works Progress Administration, and Tennessee Valley Authority).

Question 40

What aspects made FDR’s fireside chats “brilliant propaganda?” (3)

Answer 40

The aspects of FDR’s fireside chats that made them “brilliant propaganda” were the homeliness, reasonableness, and blame.

Question 41

What did FDR see as the continuing challenge in America?

Answer 41

FDR saw the problems associated with the working man as the continuing challenge in America.

Question 42

Describe the second New Deal. (5)

Answer 42

The 2nd New Deal consisted of the National Labor Relations Act (protect worker’s rights to join a trade union), Soil Conversation Act (allowed the government to continue subsiding farmers), Social Security Act (social welfare), National Housing Acct (provided loans to buy homes), and the Fair Labor Standards Act (set hours, conditions, and wages for work).

Question 43

What was the National Labor Relations Act?

Answer 43

protect worker’s rights to join a trade union

Question 44

What was the Soil Conversation Act?

Answer 44

allowed the government to continue subsiding farmers

Question 45

What was the Social Security Act?

Answer 45

social welfare

Question 46

What was the National Housing Act?

Answer 46

provided loans to buy homes

Question 47

What was the Fair Labor Standards Act?

Answer 47

set hours, conditions, and wages for work

Question 48

List the five “R’s” showing the successes of the New Deal.

Answer 48

Relief/Roads and buildings/Reform/Roosevelt/Repurcussions

Question 49

List the “3 D’s” showing The New Deal’s weaknesses.

Answer 49

Did not end the Depression/Damaged Blacks and immigrants/Determined Opposition(businessmen, republicans, activists, state governments, the Supreme Court)