Progressive chnages: Regeneration, repair, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, adaption Flashcards
progressive changes
-serve to improve the funciton of tissues and organs or they help renovation or substitution
regeneration
involve removal od exsudate and dead cells by enzymatic dissolution and phagocytosis
labile cells
-intermitotic-bone, pulp, epi, skin, GIT
-regenerate
stable cells
after mitotic-liver, pancreas, kidney, CT
- prolif when pathologic process initiate them
permant cells
neurons of CNS, heart, skjelelt
no proliferation
process of rgeenraiton
- movemnet into vacant space
- proliferaiton
removal of contact inhibition-control factors
- in normal-no conctact inhibiton–>move vertically to replace lost surface
- after wounding-cells move lat to cover
so contact inhibtion keep cells growing into a layer on cell thick-nonlayer
presence of chemical factors promoting proliferation-control factors
polypeptides:
platetlet derived growth factors-PDGF
epidermal cellls-EGFR
macrophages -MDGF
removal of chemical factors inhibiting mitosis
-chalones
Reparation(repair)
-replacemnet of tissue defects by fibrous tissue
reparation et regeneration
- both happen at the same time
- fracture or hemoorhage into soft tissue
phases of fractue healin
- reactive/inflmmatory phase
- granulaiton tissue formaiton - reparative phase:
-cartilage callus formaiton
- lamellar bone deposition - remodeling(or regnerative) pahse
- foreign body
granulation tissue
NEW
new forming vv
-edema
-losse extra cell matrix
OLD:
- less vv
-no loose stroma-ONLY DENSE COLLAGENOUS STROMA NEAR SCAR
early granulation tissue compartment
cells: fibroblast, macrophages, neutrophils
proliferating capp
local factors influecnign wound healin
-infection
-poor blood supply
-foreign bodies
-movement of cells
-exposure to radiation
-exposrue to UVB radiation
7. type, size and location of injury
systemic factors influencing wound healin
- age
- nutrition,
systemic infection
administration of glucocorticoids
uncontrolled diabetes
hematologic abnormalities
complications of wound helaing
infection in wound
incisional hernia
implantation cyst
pigmentation
deficienct svcar formation
hypertrophied scar and keloid formaiton
excessive contraction
neoplasia
hyperthrophy
increase in size and functional capacity of the individual cells
hyperplasia
increase in numbe rof cells
suprarenal gland
hyperplasia and hypertrophy
adrenal hyperplasia
cause of aadrenocortocal hypertrophy is increased adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) stimulation
prostate glands
nodular/prostatic hyperplasia
metaplasia: resp epi/airway
pseudostratified columnar epi–>squamos epi
cigarette smoke
metaplasia: UB
transitional epi–>squamos epi
bladder stone
metaplasia: esophgaus
squamos epi–>columnar epi
gastro-esophageal reflux
BARETTS ESOPHAGUS
metaplasia: cervix
glandular epi–>squamos epi
low ph of vagina
adaption
-adjustment
-chnage in tissue structure dues to altered function
proceed 2 ways:
-metaplasia(functional change)
- metalaxia(architerctural chnage)
gallbladder metaplasia
simple columnar–>squamos
gallstones
uterine endocervix
simple columnar–>squamos
prolapse
