Progressive chnages: Regeneration, repair, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, adaption

Question 1

progressive changes

Answer 1

-serve to improve the funciton of tissues and organs or they help renovation or substitution

Question 2

regeneration

Answer 2

involve removal od exsudate and dead cells by enzymatic dissolution and phagocytosis

Question 3

labile cells

Answer 3

-intermitotic-bone, pulp, epi, skin, GIT
-regenerate

Question 4

stable cells

Answer 4

after mitotic-liver, pancreas, kidney, CT

• prolif when pathologic process initiate them

Question 5

permant cells

Answer 5

neurons of CNS, heart, skjelelt

no proliferation

Question 6

process of rgeenraiton

Answer 6

1. movemnet into vacant space
2. proliferaiton

Question 7

removal of contact inhibition-control factors

Answer 7

• in normal-no conctact inhibiton–>move vertically to replace lost surface
• after wounding-cells move lat to cover

so contact inhibtion keep cells growing into a layer on cell thick-nonlayer

Question 8

presence of chemical factors promoting proliferation-control factors

Answer 8

polypeptides:
platetlet derived growth factors-PDGF
epidermal cellls-EGFR
macrophages -MDGF

Question 9

removal of chemical factors inhibiting mitosis

Answer 9

-chalones

Question 10

Reparation(repair)

Answer 10

-replacemnet of tissue defects by fibrous tissue

Question 11

reparation et regeneration

Answer 11

• both happen at the same time
• fracture or hemoorhage into soft tissue

Question 12

phases of fractue healin

Answer 12

1. reactive/inflmmatory phase
   - granulaiton tissue formaiton
2. reparative phase:
   -cartilage callus formaiton
   - lamellar bone deposition
3. remodeling(or regnerative) pahse
   - foreign body

Question 13

granulation tissue

Answer 13

NEW
new forming vv
-edema
-losse extra cell matrix

OLD:
- less vv
-no loose stroma-ONLY DENSE COLLAGENOUS STROMA NEAR SCAR

Question 14

early granulation tissue compartment

Answer 14

cells: fibroblast, macrophages, neutrophils
proliferating capp

Question 15

local factors influecnign wound healin

Answer 15

-infection
-poor blood supply
-foreign bodies
-movement of cells
-exposure to radiation
-exposrue to UVB radiation
7. type, size and location of injury

Question 16

systemic factors influencing wound healin

Answer 16

1. age
2. nutrition,
   systemic infection
   administration of glucocorticoids
   uncontrolled diabetes
   hematologic abnormalities

Question 17

complications of wound helaing

Answer 17

infection in wound
incisional hernia
implantation cyst

pigmentation
deficienct svcar formation
hypertrophied scar and keloid formaiton
excessive contraction
neoplasia

Question 18

hyperthrophy

Answer 18

increase in size and functional capacity of the individual cells

Question 19

hyperplasia

Answer 19

increase in numbe rof cells

Question 20

suprarenal gland

Answer 20

hyperplasia and hypertrophy

Question 21

adrenal hyperplasia

Answer 21

cause of aadrenocortocal hypertrophy is increased adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) stimulation

Question 22

prostate glands

Answer 22

nodular/prostatic hyperplasia

Question 23

metaplasia: resp epi/airway

Answer 23

pseudostratified columnar epi–>squamos epi

cigarette smoke

Question 24

metaplasia: UB

Answer 24

transitional epi–>squamos epi

bladder stone

Question 25

metaplasia: esophgaus

Answer 25

squamos epi–>columnar epi

gastro-esophageal reflux
BARETTS ESOPHAGUS

Question 26

metaplasia: cervix

Answer 26

glandular epi–>squamos epi

low ph of vagina

Question 27

adaption

Answer 27

-adjustment
-chnage in tissue structure dues to altered function

proceed 2 ways:
-metaplasia(functional change)
- metalaxia(architerctural chnage)

Question 28

gallbladder metaplasia

Answer 28

simple columnar–>squamos

gallstones

Question 29

uterine endocervix

Answer 29

simple columnar–>squamos

prolapse