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PATHOANA > Granulomatous and specific inflammations > Flashcards

Granulomatous and specific inflammations Flashcards

1
Q

what is granulomatous inflammation

A
  • most common type of specific inflamamiton
  • chronic inflammation
    -exsudation- monocytes, macrophages, hsitoocytes
  • prolif–>specific granulation tissue
    -varibale alteration–>necrosis
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2
Q

granuloma

A

localized(tumoriform) inflammatory infiltarte with vharcateristic (organoid) internal arrangment

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3
Q

cellualr components of granulomas

A

macrophages

hsitocyties–<epitheloid or epitheloid histiocyets

giant cells

lymphocytes, plasma cells

NO VESSLES-avascular

Fibroblasts–>fibrotization in healing

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4
Q

diff btw non specific and specifinc

A

non-specific:
- prolif of new vv –>prolif of endothelial cells +fibroblasts–>collagen
- some inflamamotey cells of macrophages or lymphocyes
- end with fibrotic scar

specific:
- usually arranged, forming lesions called granulomas
- composed of monocytic, histiocytic origin-epotheloid histiocytes
- some other lymohocytes
- Avascular

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5
Q

roel of granulomatous inflammaiton

A
  1. relatively inert (poorly degradebale) material (exo/endo, biogen/abiogen origin)
  2. chronnic and persistent infection, highly virulent and poorly degradable microorganisms or antigens–>to surrond and stop spreading, prepare agent for destruction
  3. autoimmnuen and allergic (hypersensitive )process
    - 4TH TYPES: cell emdiated/delayed
  4. inadequate healing of acute inflamamiton
  5. some immunologcical disorders (immunodeficienct syndromes)
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6
Q

infectinous disorder: TB

A

mycobacterium tb (and bovis)

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7
Q

infectinous disorder: leprosy

A

mycobacterium leprae

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8
Q

infectinous disorder:syphilis(3rd stage)

A

treponema pallidum

caseuous necrosis

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9
Q

infectinous disorder: cat scratch disease (CSD)

A

bartonella henselae

  • regional nodes are developing absessing granulomas
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10
Q

infectinous disorder: mesenterial lymphadentitis

A

Yersenia pseudotuberculosis, Y.enerocolitica

inflammation of intraabdomnial lymph node

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11
Q

infectinous disorder: lymphogranuloma venerum

A

chlamydia trachomatis
- sexually transmitted
- abseccing inflammaiton in inguinal pelvic ln

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12
Q

infectinous disorder: rhinoscleroma

A

klebilla rhinosceromatis

-specific inflammaiton of nasal mucosa

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13
Q

infectinous disorder: tularemia and listerosis

A

francisella tularensis and listeria monocytogenes
- animals to humans

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14
Q

mycotic infections

A

histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, coccidimycosis, blastomycosis

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15
Q

parasitic infections

A

may lead to specific granulomatous morphologhy

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16
Q

non infecitons disorders: autoimmune disroders

A
  1. sarcoidosis
  2. rheumatic fever: aschoff nodules
    - after streptococcal in ,ymphoepithelial tissue in throat
    - heart–>tehse nodules
  3. rheumatic arthriti
    - rheumatoid granulomas
  4. extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitive pneumonitis)
  5. chrons disease
17
Q

forign body reaction

A
  • ## most common
18
Q

foreign body granulomas-

A

macrophage type of granuloma or giant cell rwaction

  • granuloma with low cell tunrover
  • giant cells
    -respon of non-sepcific immune system
19
Q

non-necrotizing epitheloid granuloma

A

-sacoidosis type
- composed of epitheloid histiocytes
-not developing necrosis

  • autoimmune
  • involving lung and mediastinal lymphnodes
  • epitheloid histiocyes, hiant multinucleated cells and intra cytoplasmatic inclusions represented by Asteroid bodies and schaumanns bodies
20
Q

necrotizing epitheloid granuloma

A

-tuberculosis type-caseous
- composed of epitheloid histiocytes
-undergo central causeous necrosis

-

21
Q

abscessing granuloma

A

-pseudotuberculosos type-purulent colliquaition
- very infiltarted by neutrophils
- CSD,

lymphogranuloma venerum, mesenterial lymphadentitis

22
Q

rheumatic and rheumatoid granulomas

A

-fibrinoid necrosis
- autoimmune and immunopathological process
- rheumatic fever and rheumatoid arthirtis
- achoff and antischkow cells
- mixed some lymphocytes and eosinophils

23
Q

TB -primary

A

-childhood tupe
-first type infeciton, no vaccination
-primary ghon complec=primary focus+regional lymphangitis and lymphadenitis (granuloma+central necrosis=ghon complex)
- LUNG(lower and middle lobes) AND LESION
- formation of granuloma(clusters of immune cells like macro or t-cells to contain bacteria)
–>latent TB
- asymptomatic

24
Q

post primary/secondary TB

A

-reactivation of primary
- in vaccinated patient(BCG vaccination=imitate primoinfeciton)
- upper lobes of lungs

25
Q

developemnt of tuberculoss

A
  • resp system
  • aerobic bacteria–therfore in lungs

mycobacteria survive in alveolar macrophages–>spread thorugh lymphatic vv–>send signals –>act of CD4+ t cells–>act and acc of other macrophges–>prlifatis around infected cells –>barrier–>stop spreafing

when hypersensitive reaction in tcells–>cytotoxic t cell kill infected cells toegether with these baceeria

26
Q

microscopical apperance of tuberculous granuloma

A
  • epitheloid histocytes
  • radially arranged to cneter like sun
  • these histiocytes fusing toegther–>giant multinucleated cells
    • Langshans cells
      -in periphery: mixed lymphocytes-mostly t lymphocytes
27
Q

forms of tuberculous inflammaiton

A
  1. proliferative form=granulomas-signs of resitance=KOCHS phenomen
    - large granulomas
    -small (miliary) nodules (tubercules)
  2. exsudative form=serofibrinoys inflammaiton, ORTH CELLS-signs of allergy
    - necrotization
28
Q

syphilis

A
  • cnetral necrosis
  • 3rd stage
  • composed of lymphocytes, multiple plasma cells, histiocytes, multinucleated giant cells, central caseous necrosis

gummas

29
Q

actinomycosis

A
  • actinomycotic colonies -SUPLHUR GRANULES, sorrunded by firbrinous material, neurtrophils, histiocytes, giant multinucleated cells
30
Q

leprosy

A

Forms:
1. tuberculoid
- prliferative type
- composed of epitheloid histiocytes, giant multinucleated cells
- lead to destruction of peripheral nerves–>loss of peripheral sensitivity
-lesions

  1. lepramatous (humid type)
    - exsudative type
    -not typical granulomas
    - foamy macrophages
31
Q

rhinoscleroma

A

-nasal cavity and nose
-lymphocytes, plasma cells, ginat polygonal cells with morphology of foamy=MIKULICZ cells

32
Q
A

PATHOANA (13 decks)

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