Program Management

Question 1

Revenue

Answer 1

money coming in

• services provided
• grant and contract funding
• investment income
• donations

Question 2

Expenses

Answer 2

money going out

• staffing
• fringe benefits
• supplies + equipment
• rent + utilities
• travel

Question 3

Direct variable expense

Answer 3

supplies used for each unit of service provided;

ex: more vaccinations = more syringes

Question 4

Indirect variable expense

Answer 4

costs unrelated to service that varies

ex: electricity bill

Question 5

Direct fixed expense

Answer 5

costs related to service that do not change

ex: salaried staff costs do not increase when vaccinations increase

Question 6

indirect fixed expenses

Answer 6

expenses unrelated to the service that do not change

ex: rent, insurance, management support

Question 7

fringe benefits

Answer 7

FICA, vacation, PTO, health insurance

Question 8

budget variance

Answer 8

Budgeted cost - actual cost

Question 9

budget justification should support _____.

Answer 9

purpose and goals of program

Question 10

incremental budgeting

Answer 10

new budgets are best developed by adding marginal changes to the current budget;

conservative approach

Question 11

incremental budget pros

Answer 11

simple, consistent, stable funding, reduces internal rivalry

Question 12

incremental budget cons

Answer 12

1. promotes unnecessary spending
2. discourage funding of innovative ideas
3. may not reflect the current program goals
4. may create program gaps

Question 13

task list + timelines

Answer 13

timeline of tasks

shows milestones

Question 14

Gantt charts

Answer 14

horizontal bar chart used to visually represent a project plan over time

Question 15

Process flow charts

Answer 15

visual representation of a process

Question 16

CQI Process

Answer 16

Plan: Objectives + Strategies
Do: Document and record data
Study: Analyze + summarize data
Act: Set changes, prepare for next cycle

Question 17

3 Types of sustainability

Answer 17

1. workforce
2. financing
3. program

Question 18

workforce sustainability

Answer 18

• education and training
• constructive feedback
• professionalize the field
• career progression paths

Question 19

financing sustainability

Answer 19

• need for diverse and reliable long-term funding base
• active financial planning
• prioritize program according to budget
• market effectiveness

Question 20

program sustainability

Answer 20

communicate the value of public health programs

1. benchmarking
2. ROI
3. economic evaluation

Question 21

Cost competitiveness between public health and _____ is high.

Answer 21

medical interventions

Question 22

benchmarking

Answer 22

compare to best in class or other standard

Question 23

ROI

Answer 23

(gain - cost) / cost x 100%

Question 24

economic evaluations

Answer 24

1. cost-benefit
2. cost-effectiveness
3. cost-utility

Question 25

cost benefit analysis

Answer 25

quantifies tangible and soft outcomes into a monetary #

ONE program

Question 26

cost effectiveness analysis

Answer 26

measures program outcomes in similar units across programs (life-years saved)

compares MULTIPLE programs

Question 27

cost-utility analysis

Answer 27

measures outcomes by using standard morbidity or mortality measure

QALY: Quality-adjusted life-year

Question 28

Evaluation Framework

Answer 28

1. Performance standard setting (HP2020)
2. Performance measuring (County Healthy Rankings)
3. Quality Improvement
4. Reporting Progress (Public reporting)

Question 29

activity-based budgeting

Answer 29

top-down approach;

determines # of inputs required to support target outputs

Question 30

value-proposition budgeting

Answer 30

• ensuring everything in the budget brings value to the program
• aims to avoid unnecessary spending

Question 31

zero-based budgeting

Answer 31

bottom-up approach

• new budgets are rebuilt from scratch
• every expense must be justified
• aims to avoid non-essential expenses
• time consuming