Application of Theory Flashcards
Theories of Behavior Change (Individual Level)
- Transtheoretical Model
2. Health Belief Model
social ecological model
individual - interpersonal - organizational - community - public policy
explains the relationship b/w socioeconomic status and health by illustrating that health status and social standing are linked to interrelated factors of health
Transtheoretical model: Stages of Change
- Precontemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Relapse/Recycle
Pre-contemplation (TTM)
no intention of acting within next 6 months
contemplation (TTM)
intends to act within next 6 months
preparation (TTM)
intends to act within the next thirty days;
some behavioral steps in the direction
action (TTM)
has changed behavior for less than 6 months
maintenance (TTM)
has maintained behavior change for more than 6 months
relapse/recycle (TTM)
revert to prior behavior
consciousness raising (TTM)
enhancing knowledge or awareness of health risk and protective factors
dramatic relief (TTM)
enhancing emotional reaction to health-risk behaviors
self re-evaluation (TTM)
visualizing life without the risky health behavior
environmental re-evaluation (TTM)
developing appreciation for how personal behavior affects others
self-liberation (TTM)
establishing the belief that one can change and make commitments to change
helping relationships (TTM)
obtaining support for the health behavior change
counter-conditioning (TTM)
substituting healthy behaviors for unhealthy behaviors
contingency management (TTM)
focusing on the consequence of behavior;
reward positive behavior, record progress, change environment
stimulus control (TTM)
managing cues that stimulate behavior;
remove cues for unhealthy behavior;
create cues for behavior
social liberation
promoting social causes consistent with the desired healthy behavior
Health Belief Model
beliefs influence health behaviors
individual perceptions of Health Belief Model
- perceived susceptibility
2. perceived severity
perceived susceptibility
belief of risk for developing condition
ex: My child is very likely to get HPV
perceived severity
belief in the seriousness of a condition
ex: the HPV infection can cause a serious disease
Modifying Factors of Health Belief Model
- Self-efficacy
- perceived threat
- cues to action
self-efficacy
confidence in one’s ability to take action and change behavior
perceived threat of disease
provides motivation for changing behaviors
cues to action
strategies to activate readiness
Likelihood of Action of Health Belief Model
- perceived benefit
- perceived barriers
- likelihood of change
perceived benefits
belief in the positive outcomes of change
ex: the HPV vaccine is very effective at preventing cervical cancer
ex: children should be vaccinated against HPV
perceived barriers
belief about negative consequences of change
likelihood of change
whether an individual will make the behavior change
Theories of Behavior Change (Interpersonal Level)
- Theory of Planned Behavior
2. Social Cognitive Theory
Behavioral Beliefs (Theory of planned behavior)
perception of the behavior
attitude (Theory of planned behavior)
personal evaluation of the behavior
normative beliefs (Theory of planned behavior)
perceptions of what other people want or expect
control beliefs (Theory of planned behavior)
perception of ability to perform a behavior
subjective norm (Theory of planned behavior)
motivation for change is to gain approval from key folks
perceived behavioral control (Theory of planned behavior)
belief that one has control over behavior
behavior intention (Theory of planned behavior)
perceived likelihood of performing behavior
behavior (Theory of planned behavior)
performance of goal behavior
actual behavioral control (Theory of planned behavior)
steps towards maintaining behavior
social cognitive theory
reciprocal determinism
- person
- behavior
- environment
social cognitive theory
reciprocal determinism
- person
- behavior
- environment
personal factors (social cognitive theory)
values, beliefs, goals, self-efficacy, expectations
behavioral factors (social cognitive theory)
actions, choice, statements, learning, achievements
environmental factors (social cognitive theory)
reinforcement, instruction, feedback, others’ behaviors, condtions
Theories of Behavior Change (Community Level)
- Rogers Diffusion of Innovations
roger’s diffusion of innovation
process by which an innovation is communicated through channels over time among members of a social system
dissemination (Roger’s)
planned, systematic efforts designed to make a program or innovation more widely available to a target audience
innovation (Roger’s)
idea, product, process
communication channels (Roger’s)
methods to make innovation known to social system
time (Roger’s)
time it takes for innovation-decision process to occur
-and-
rate of adoption
social system (Roger’s)
group in which innovation is introduced
innovators (Roger’s)
first to try, willing to take risks
strategy: very little needs to be done
early adopters (Roger’s)
opinion leaders, are aware of need to change and are comfortable with adopting
strategy: how to manuals and info sheets
early majority adopters (Roger’s)
typically need to see evidence to adopt
strategy: success stories and evidence of effectiveness
late majority adopters (Roger’s)
skeptical of change, will only adopt after it has been tried by the majority
strategy: # of how many have successfully tried
laggards (Roger’s)
bound by tradition and very conservative;
strategy: statistics, fear appeals, pressure
