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*CPH Exam 2021 > Practice Questions > Flashcards

Practice Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Activists criticized America’s public health policy response during initial years of its AIDS epidemic on the grounds that:

  1. Absence of universal health care insurance prevented victims from accessing expensive treatment
  2. Government indifference and political infighting resulted in apathy toward a suffering gay community.
  3. Too much money was being spent on treatment, not enough on prevention to stop the epidemic.
  4. Too much resource was being spent on urging people to change risk behaviors, not enough on medication.
A
  1. Government indifference and political infighting resulted in apathy toward a suffering gay community.
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2
Q

If a population has a standard deviation σ, then the standard deviation of the mean of 100 randomly selected items from this population is:

  1. σ
  2. 100 σ
  3. σ /10
  4. σ /100
A

3.σ /10

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3
Q

Which of the following is consistent with broadly accepted theory of adult learning?

  1. Adults are busy, so unlikely to want participation in planning and evaluation of instruction
  2. They tend to be most interested in learning things of immediate relevance and practical value
  3. Activities promoting memorization are preferable to trial-and-error experiential learning
  4. Adult learning preference is content-oriented rather than problem-centered
A

2.They tend to be most interested in learning things of immediate relevance and practical value

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4
Q

U.S. mandates Creutzfeld-Jacob disease, a prion disease to be nationally notifiable from all the states. What kind of infectious agent is a prion?

  1. A bacterium
  2. A virus
  3. A protozoan
  4. A protein
A

4.A protein

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5
Q

Municipal sewage is typically processed to remove organic material before disposing the treated water. In large cities, this treatment generally consists of:

  1. Biological treatment in an aerated activated sludge system, followed by settling to remove sludge solids, then chlorination prior to discharge.
  2. Chemical treatment by coagulation and flocculation, followed by settling to remove solids, then chlorination prior to discharge.
  3. Filtering through sand beds to remove organic solids, followed by chlorination prior to discharge.
  4. Super-chlorination to destroy organic materials, followed by discharge.
A

1.Biological treatment in an aerated activated sludge system, followed by settling to remove sludge solids, then chlorination prior to discharge.

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6
Q

Total coliform and E. coli counts are performed in routine monitoring of drinking water reservoirs because:

  1. These bacteria commonly cause gastrointestinal infection in humans.
  2. They are a more easily grown indicator of Legionella spp. contamination.
  3. Outdated laws require heterotrophic plate count monitoring of water.
  4. Their numbers give general indication of a water supply’s sanitary condition.
A

4.Their numbers give general indication of a water supply’s sanitary condition.

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7
Q

Can a state public health agency authorize its employees to use or donate frequent flyer miles for personal travel that were acquired during state business travel?

  1. Yes, there is no ethical violation in allowing a government employee to keep frequent flyer miles for personal use or to specify their preferred airline for business travel.
  2. Yes, there is no ethical violation in allowing a government employee to keep frequent flyer miles for personal use, but they cannot specify their own preferred airline for business travel.
  3. No, this would violate the “de minimis” use of government resources so any frequent flyer miles acquired during business travel must be retained by the government agency.
  4. No, this would violate several ethical constructs, so any participation in frequent flyer programs during government service must be prohibited.
A

2.Yes, there is no ethical violation in allowing a government employee to keep frequent flyer miles for personal use, but they cannot specify their own preferred airline for business travel.

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8
Q

Count data, such as the number of events occurring in a specified period of time, are often described by which probability distribution?

  1. Binomial
  2. Chi-square
  3. Normal
  4. Poisson
A

4.Poisson

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9
Q

Over the history of the HIV infection pandemic, in its initial phase, transmission in populations started with a sharp rise through homosexual male-male intercourse and in its late phase the steepest rise tended to be through:

  1. Homosexual male-male intercourse
  2. Homosexual female-female intercourse
  3. Heterosexual male-female intercourse
  4. Transfusion of contaminated blood
A

3.Heterosexual male-female intercourse

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10
Q

Which of the following statistical tests is considered a parametric test?

  1. Kruskal-Wallis test
  2. Wilcoxon rank-sum test
  3. Tukey’s test
  4. Mann-Whitney test
A

3.Tukey’s test

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11
Q

May government employees use the government room rate offered by hotels if they are on a personal rather than a business trip?

  1. Yes, being a government employee one always is eligible to accept hotels’ government rates regardless.
  2. Yes, hotels and government agencies generally maintain a “don’t ask, don’t tell” position on this question.
  3. Yes, if the hotel offers this rate to all government officials traveling on official business or not.
  4. Yes, if the hotel offers it to you specifically by name.
A

3.Yes, if the hotel offers this rate to all government officials traveling on official business or not.

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12
Q

The management of a health care facility requires staff to
adhere to ethical principles and provide culturally
appropriate care. The institutionalization of these values is
most likely to influence which of the following aspects of
health care provided by this facility?
A acceptability
B accessibility
C accountability
D adequacy

A

A* acceptability

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13
Q

A=50; B=400; C=50; D=5000

Which of the following is the estimated ratio of the odds of disease in the exposed versus unexposed groups?
A (50 / 450) ÷ (50 / 5,050)
B (50 / 50) ÷ (400 / 5,000)
C (50 / 5,050) ÷ (50 / 450)
D (400 / 5,400) ÷ (50 / 100)
A

B* (50 / 50) ÷ (400 / 5,000)

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14
Q

A health services researcher is studying a new influenza vaccination to determine whether it should be
recommended for all senior citizens. Which of the following vaccination attributes is most appropriate to evaluate first in the process of assessing the new vaccination?
A cost-benefit
B effectiveness
C efficacy
D efficiency

A

C* efficacy

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15
Q 
11 A group uses problem solving to reconcile underlying differences and create a win-win situation for the mutual benefit of all parties. This approach exemplifies which of the following styles of conflict management?
A accommodating
B avoiding
C collaborating
D compromising
A

C* collaborating

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16
Q

16 Body mass index (BMI) is sometimes reported as age- and gender-specific z-scores. Such scores are best described
as a function of which of the following?

A the individual’s BMI and the mean and standard deviation of the specific population
B the individual’s BMI and the mean and standard deviation of an entire population
C The individual’s BMI, the mean of the specific population, and the standard deviation of an entire population
D the individual’s BMI, the mean of an entire population, and the standard deviation of the specific population

A

A* the individual’s BMI and the mean and standard

deviation of the specific population

17
Q

20 A study of national patterns of smoking prevalence finds that the prevalence of women smokers is higher in countries with higher national income per capita, but lower
in countries experiencing rapid economic growth. Among men, the prevalence of smoking is lower in countries with
higher national per capita income, but higher in countries experiencing rapid economic growth. This finding is an example of which of the following phenomena?
A bias
B confounding
C interaction
D error

A

C*^ interaction

18
Q

34 On the basis of the present evidence, the greatest reduction in injuries and death related to motor vehicles in the United States is most likely to be a result of which of
the following?
A increase in law enforcement and highway patrol
officers
B stricter motor vehicle inspection laws
C modifications to vehicles and highway systems
D stiffer penalties for drunk drivers and repeat speeders

A

C* modifications to vehicles and highway systems

19
Q 
A federal law is passed requiring labeling on food products. In subsequent years, the rate of obesity among adults decreases. Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between the law and the change
in obesity rates?
A causal
B correlated
C retrospective
D prospective
A

B* correlated

20
Q

42 Which of the following best describes the elasticity of
demand for health care in the United States?
A perfectly elastic
B perfectly inelastic
C relatively elastic
D relatively inelastic

A

D* relatively inelastic

21
Q

The standard deviation of the sample mean

A

σ / √n

22
Q

A nominal variable can be coded using dummy variables in order to analyze its association with a continuous outcome variable via:

  1. a chi-square test of association
  2. a two sample t-test
  3. one way ANOVA
  4. regression analysis
A

4.regression analysis

23
Q

The Theory of Planned Behavior was built on the Theory of Reasoned Action. Which component was added?

  1. Perceived behavioral control
  2. Subjective Norm
  3. Behavioral Intentions
  4. Attitude
A

1.Perceived behavioral control

24
Q

The Central Limit Theorem states that the:

  1. Sample mean statistic is not always an unbiased estimator.
  2. Sample mean is approximately normally distributed.
  3. Population from which a sample is drawn is normally distributed.
  4. Population standard deviation is approximately normal.
A

2.Sample mean is approximately normally distributed.

25
Q

Which statement best describes the p-value?

  1. The probability that the null hypothesis is true
  2. The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true
  3. The probability that a replicating experiment would not yield the same conclusion
  4. The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false
A

2.The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true

26
Q

When performing a nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test, the first step is to combine the data values in the two samples and assign a rank of ‘1’ to which of the following:

  1. The smallest observation
  2. The middle observation
  3. The largest observation
  4. The most frequently occurring observation
A

1.The smallest observation

27
Q

Every Monday, the District Health Department calls a list of medical offices selected to represent each county in the District to obtain a report of number of patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of influenza. This is an example of what type of surveillance?

  1. Passive and Syndromic
  2. Passive and Sentinel
  3. Active and Syndromic
  4. Active and Sentinel
A

4.Active and Sentinel

28
Q

A management/leadership theory which posits that when staff are able to grow and develop staff performance results are better, is an example of:

  1. Situational Leadership Theory
  2. Douglas McGregor Theory Y
  3. Contingency Leadership Theory (CLT)
  4. Path-goal Theory
A

2.Douglas McGregor Theory Y

29
Q

In a case-control study of the relationship between cigarette smoking and lung cancer, researchers found that the Odds Ratios for lung cancer rose as the number of cigarettes smoked daily rose, with non-smokers as the referent group. This evidence for causation is called:

  1. Consistency
  2. Temporality
  3. Biological Gradient
  4. Strength of the association
A

3.Biological Gradient

30
Q

What is an evaluation designed to present conclusions about whether a program should be sustained, changed, or eliminated?

  1. Formative evaluation
  2. Implementation evaluation
  3. Process evaluation
  4. Summative evaluation
A

4.Summative evaluation

31
Q

Since most people in a population die at an old age, the distribution of ages at death is skewed. The mean age at death in large samples taken from this population can be expected to have a:

  1. Left-skewed distribution
  2. Right-skewed distribution
  3. Normal distribution
  4. Platykurtotic distribution
A

3.Normal distribution

The Central Limit Theorem states that for equally sized samples from a non-normally distributed population, the distribution of means of these samples will be normally distributed as long as the samples are large enough.

32
Q

If all of the numbers in a list increase by 2, then the standard deviation is:

  1. Increased by 2
  2. Increased by 4
  3. Unchanged
  4. Cannot be determined without the actual list of numbers
A

3.Unchanged

Adding a constant number to a set of observations will not change the standard deviation of the set. Standard deviation is a measure of dispersion, meaning it expresses how spread out data are. Adding 2 to every observation will not change how widely spread the dataset is. It would however, increase the measures of central tendency, such as mean or median.

33
Q

Which of the following is not a construct from the Health Belief Model?

  1. Susceptibility
  2. Cues to action
  3. Decisional balance
  4. Barriers
A

3.Decisional balance

*CPH Exam 2021 (10 decks)

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