Professional Policing Flashcards
In the “watch and ward” system,
the ____ was the night time and
_____ was daytime police.
Watch was nighttime.
Ward was daytime.
From 1900 through 1940’s,
___ provided a more rapid response
to police calls for service.
use of the automobile.
__________’s goal was to bring
professionalism to the police.
August Vollmer
The National Commission on Law Enforcement and Observance also known as the ________ reported in 1931 that “the greatest promise for the future of policing is _______.
Wickersham Commission College or University
https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/010.html
Use of numerous ___________ resulted in the removal of patrol officers from most follow-up activities.
Specialized Units
From 1950 through the 1970s
The Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) funded numerous projects to speed up the criminal justice process.
The development and use of numerous specialized units resulted in the removal of patrol officers from most follow-up activities.
The patrol system became an incident-driven approach in which police officers often became little more than report takers in most communities.
During this era, the police became controlled by the radio system. As a result of officers being required to answer calls for police services in a larger area, the peace officer lost much of the positive relationship and communications with the community.
The patrol system became an _________ approach in which police officers often became little more than report takers in most communities.
Incident-Driven
In the beginning, policing in
Texas was handled by ______
Spanish military
During Texas’ 100 years as a province of Mexico, Mexican governors reigned over the territory that would later become Texas. Policing was handled by the Spanish military. This ended when Texas became a free and independent republic after the Battle of San Jacinto in 1836.
Texas became a free and independent republic after the _____
Battle of San Jacinto in 1836
________ employed a militia group to protect the settlers from Indian and bandit raids. This group became known as the ________.
Stephen F. Austin
Texas Rangers
Stephen F. Austin employed a militia group to protect the settlers from Indian and bandit raids. This group later became known as the Texas Rangers.
The watch/ward system of police did not evolve in Texas because of its large territory and absence of large cities/urban areas.
The statutory authority for the Commission to establish rules that law enforcement agencies and officers must follow is _____.
The Occupations Code
_____ consists of handling crimes that have already been committed, disturbances in progress, traffic violations, and such.
Reactive Response
- *BPOC, 02-ProfPolicing**
- *2.1.5. Explain the traditional police service model**
Reactive response
Most of the workload of patrol officers and detectives consists of handling crimes that have already been committed, disturbances in progress, traffic violations, and such. Exceptions include crime prevention and narcotics investigations.
Police service model that relies on limited information, mostly from victims, witnesses, and suspects.
Incident Driven
- *BPOC, 02-ProfPolicing
2. 1.5. Explain the traditional police service model**
When cases involve money matters of $10,000 or less and no attorney is required. Both parties to action may represent themselves in a _____
Small Claims Court
https://law.justia.com/codes/texas/2005/gv/002.00.000028.00.html
The following characteristics are part of the ____________.
- Curiosity and suspiciousness
- Solidarity - taking care of one another
- Secrecy - protection from hostile environment
- Political and social conservatism
- Cynicism - Hobbesian view of social work
- Social isolation
- Authoritarian approach to control, conformity
- Support during difficult/stressful time
Police Subculture
Policing in America has its roots in _______ methods, which adopted the methods of (list 4).
- County
- Sheriff
- Common law
- English Bobby
What was the daytime system watch and ward?
The northeastern states generally had the “watch and ward” system. “Watch” was nighttime, while “ward” was daytime police.
What are the roots of American policing?
European police methods
What is the oldest form of law enforcement dating back to Anglo-Saxons?
Sheriff
- Article 5, Section 23, Sheriffs, Texas Constitution*
- Interpretive Commentary (Adapted)*
The office of sheriff is a very ancient one. The origin of the office can be found in the institution of the king’s “reeves,” who watched over royal interests in the towns of the ninth century. By the end of that century, the king’s reeve had acquired judicial as well as financial functions: and early in the tenth century, he became the official of a shire instead merely the official of a town, and was called the shire-reeve.
By the end of the Anglo-Saxon period, he had supplanted the “ealdorman” (i.e., alderman or magistrate) as the effective head of the shire, and, soon after the Norman Conquest, his powers reached their peak. The financial, judicial, and administrative importance of the office added to the personal influence of the great landowners who normally filled it, which constituted a serious menace to the crown as well as an unending source of oppression to the crown’s subjects.
A long struggle covering a span of many centuries took place, in which various measures were employed to curb the powers of the sheriff, and to establish the principle that the sheriff was merely a servant of the crown, not an independent source of authority.
Among the most ancient duties of the sheriff is that of conserving the peace and suppressing disorder with the help of the posse comitatus. Until the development of the office of lord lieutenant in the 16th century, he was also the head of the military forces of the shire. His duty of receiving writs, summoning juries, and executing judgments is as old as the common law itself, and remains the most important part of his work.
The office of sheriff was introduced into America as part of the county organization. In New England, this was a slow development, for local government was for the most part centered in towns. Further south, however, where larger units of local government were more common, the sheriff rapidly became the leader of his county. Appointment was generally by the governor, but as early as 1705 the office became elective in Pennsylvania, and other states soon adopted this procedure for filling the office.
The constitution prior to 1954 provided for a sheriff to be elected biennially in each county. In November 1954, this section was amended, increasing the term of office of sheriffs from two to four years. The office has been provided for under every Texas constitution, and supersedes the alguacil of Spanish and Mexican rule (See Art. 5, Sec. 18).
The main duties of the Sheriff are to act as a conservator of the peace and the executive officer of the county and district courts, serve writs and processes of the courts, and supervise the jail and all prisoners. In counties with a population of less than 10,000 he is also ex officio tax assessor and collector.
The Commission’s current rules and Chapter 1701, Texas Occupations Code can be found at the Commission website: www.tcleose.state.tx.us
What did Texas achieve in 1836?
Independence from Mexico
Texas became a free and independent republic after the Battle of San Jacinto in 1836.
Early law enforcement in San Antonio begins with the _________.
Early law enforcement in San Antonio begins with the alguacils of the Villa de San Fernando de Bexar and progresses to the Texas Rangers, vigilantes, and City Marshals of early San Antonio.
What year did TCOLE first begin certifying PO’s?
1970
In 1969, the 61st Legislature amended the original act so that all peace officers would be required to be certified by the Commission prior to appointment, with an effective date of September 1, 1970. This certification requirement also authorized the Commission to establish minimum requirements for certification
Who credited the Metropolitan Act of 1829?
A British statesman that created
the 9 principles of policing.
Sir Robert Peel
In 1829, Sir Robert Peel established the London Metropolitan Police Force. He became known as the “Father of Modern Policing,” and his commissioners established a list of policing principles that remain as crucial and urgent today as they were two centuries ago. They contain three core ideas and nine principles.
What did August Vollmer do ?
Established professional policing in the police force.
Focus on preventing crime rather than solving it.
Vollmer was a highly progressive police chief. He became Berkeley’s first police chief in the early 1900s and began advancing policing in its use of technology, training and, most importantly, education. His ideas began gaining traction first in California, then across the United States, and eventually around the world.
https://www.officer.com/home/article/10232661/legendary-lawman-august-vollmer
