Patrol Flashcards
1
Q
What are the objectives of Patrol?
A
-To preserve the peace by mere presence and by proper action
-prevent crime by opportunity reduction; duty to prevent
-suppress crime by timely response
-apprehend suspect
-regulate non-criminal conduct by obtaining and maintaining good officer citizen relationships
2
Q
Importance of patrol?
A
-Protection
-Service
3
Q
What is the most single most important factor in officer survival?
A
Mental conditioning
4
Q
What are some factors involved in psychological preparedness?
A
-Attitude development and preparation
-sociological and psychological maturity
-formal and informal education
-personal value system
5
Q
Officers must avoid developing attitudes that are counterproductive of job
performance like?
A
-Isolationism and ostracizing others
-Becoming paranoid and regarding all people suspiciously or as would-be
criminals
-Withdrawing from or failing to be a normal part of the community
6
Q
Color Codes of awarness
A
White - Relaxed
Yellow - Alert to Surroundings
Orange - Senses Alerted to something happened
Red- Taking Action
Black - Panic
7
Q
Truths about the color codes of awarness
A
The more time spent in white the greater chance to become a statistic
The more time in yellow and orange the greater chance for survival
Condition yellow is a lifetime commitment for peace officers
8
Q
Color code of awareness- WHITE
A
Relaxed
Unaware of actions around you
Reading newspaper
Watching TV
9
Q
Color code of awareness- Yellow
A
Alert to Surroundings
Paying attention to noises
Movement
Smells
Actions of others
10
Q
Color code of awareness- Orange
A
Senses Alerted to Something Happening
Recognize the threat
Formulate a plan
Prepare to take action
11
Q
Color code of awareness- Red
A
Taking Action
Fighting
Running
Driving
Chasing
12
Q
Color code of awareness- Black
A
Panic
Freeze
May be due to lack of training and preparation
May be due to lack of faith in training
13
Q
Officers should always, be mentally and emotionally prepared for a possible shooting situation…
A
A state of mental readiness gives professional officers an edge in such a situation. Officers can begin to develope this state of mental readiness with planning or mental rehersals.
14
Q
Cover
A
Any material that can reasonably be expected to stop the travel of a bullet fired
from small arms such as handguns, shotguns, and rifles that provides an adequate level
of protection from danger/injury (brick walls, automobile engine, etc.) Cover is typically
hardened, thick, bulky material.
15
Q
Concealment
A
Hides you from view but without protection. Any object that prevents a
person from seeing you is concealment. A thick bush, a closed set of window blinds or a
shower curtain all qualify as concealment.
16
Q
Never approach a potentially dangerous situation without first________________[.
A
notifying someone
(dispatch, supervisor) and, if needed, without backup.
17
Q
Never go into a building or structure where criminal activity is suspected___________.
A
Without backup
18
Q
Maintain a _____________ of the police sidearm.
A
Constant awareness
19
Q
Practice good officer-survival techniques_______________.
A
Day in and day out
20
Q
Silhouetting
A
Placing yourself, others, or your patrol unit in a position as to provide the suspect(s)
with a definite identifiable target.
21
Q
To avoid silhouetting backup units should?
A
Secure headlights, reds, and ambers upon approach of primary unit.
Avoid holding flashlight toward other officers
22
Q
If suspect’s hands are already in pocket, instruct them to?
A
Not remove them
23
Q
What are the two types of problem area patrols?
A
Preventative Patrol and Apprehension Patrol
24
Q
Preventive Patrol
A
Preventative enforcement: Conduct property checks, question suspicious persons, vary
patrol patterns and predictability and maintain high visibility.
Selective patrol:
25
Apprehension Patrol
Covert or low visibility tatics and techniques - surveillance
26
Identify the six different patrol modes:
Bicycle Patrol
Motorcycle Patrol
Foot Patrol
Automobile Patrol
Fixed Wing Helicopter Patrol
Mounted Patrol
27
Advantages of One-Officer Patrol:
• Having twice as many patrol vehicles on the street doubles preventive enforcement.
• When the officer is alone, more attention is devoted to patrol functions and duties.
• An officer alone develops self-reliance, rather than depending on a partner for backup.
• A lone officer in a patrol vehicle takes fewer chances.
28
Advantages of Two-Officer Patrol:
• Has a greater safety factor.
• Can be used as a training aid for the correction of officer mistakes.
• Shared driving duties.
• Two pairs of eyes are better than one.
• One officer can operate the radio while the other drives.
29
When to perform a pedestrian stop
If the individual is:
Carrying something suspicious
Acting strangely
stopping other people on the street
30
When performing a pedestrian stop:
• Take note of escape routes.
• Gauge the number of people that could be hurt should an incident occur.
• A place where there would be the least number of hostages possible.
• Gauge officer safety.
• Report location to dispatcher.
31
How to perform a pedestrian stop:
.
How to perform a pedestrian stop:
• Use effective verbal communications.
• Approach carefully: Maintain visual contact with suspicious person, approach on right
side since most people are right-handed, watch for furtive movements or attempts to
flee, establish early eye contact, and be aware of surroundings.
32
CA v. Hodari
**Addresses the question of whether a show of force constitutes a seizure;** considers the Mendenhall rule adopted by the Court, namely, that A person has been 'seized' within the meaning of the fourth amendment only if, in view of all the circumstances surrounding the incident, a reasonable person would have believed that he was not free to leave and comments on its decision that **police pursuit does not constitute a seizure.**
Hint: Can’t seize Houdini….
33
MI v Chesternut
**The test of whether a seizure violates the Fourth Amendment is based off whether a reasonable man would have concluded that the police had restrained his liberty so that he was not free to leave.** Under the reasonable man standard, Chesternut was not seized before he discarded the drugs because a reasonable person would not conclude the police attempted to chase Chesternut simply by accelerating to catch up with him, followed by a short drive alongside him.
34
In regards to field inquiries, what are some vital sources of info from learning your patrol area?
• The people in the area personally know the officer.
• The officer learns the socio-economic make-up of the people in the area.
• The officer learns where people work and becomes aware of who the store clerks are,
what time they travel to and from work, and what types of vehicles they drive.
• People observe and know many things and will tell a good officer who has developed
proper rapport through field inquiry.
35
Define vehicle stop
Any situation where the officer is immediately deploying directly from the patrol vehicle.
36
The 2 hazards during a stop:
Felonious assault- felonious assault is a serious type of assault that can be considered a felony. It occurs when someone threatens or uses force on another person in a way that causes fear of harm or injury. Felonious assault is often considered a felony when a deadly weapon is used or when the intent is to commit another crime.
Accidental assault-Assault in Texas is defined in Penal Code Chapter 22 and covers everything from a class C offensive touching to a first-degree aggravated assault punishable by up to life in prison. The degree and severity of Texas assault charges depend on the offender’s mental state, the extent of the injury, and certain characteristics of the alleged victim. In this article, we will break down the different types of Texas assault charges and answer some frequently asked questions about criminal assault in Texas.
37
Discuss the phases of traffic stops.
• Traffic stops consist of three (3) phases:
o Beginning
o Middle
o End
• Most tactical changes occur during the Middle Phase of the stop
• In the U.S., 10/15% of officers are killed with their own weapon
• Low risk: Traffic infraction, daytime conditions, etc.
• Unknown risk: Suspicious vehicle, tinted windows, van, etc.
o From a tactical standpoint, majority of stops will fall here.
• High risk: (Felony stops): Known suspects, weapons, pursuits, etc.
• The assessment of a traffic stop can change anytime during the actual traffic stop; it can
escalate or de-escalate.
• Acronym LOCAL: Location, Occupant(s), Color, Auto (body style, make,
model, etc.), License
38
The Seven Step Violator Contact Method:
• Step One: Greeting and identification of the police agency
• Step Two: Statement of violation committed
• Step Three: Identification of driver and check of conditions of violator and vehicle
• Step Four: Statement of action to be taken
• Step Five: Take that action
• Step Six: Explain what the violator must do
• Step Seven: Leave
39
Explain the seven basic tactics for making contact with the violator.
Standard Right-Side Approach
• Contact is from the passenger side window
Standard Left Side Approach
• Contact is from the driver’s side window (Most common)
Tactical Right Side Walk-Up
• Officer goes around their unit, out-of-sight from the passenger side mirror
• Flares out and approaches the violator’s passenger side window at the “transition
point”
Tactical Left Side Walk-Up
• Officer flares out wide, out-of-sight from the driver’s side mirror
• Makes their approach
• At the transition point, they go to the driver’s window
Walk Back
• Remove seatbelt
• Order the violator back into the unit with documents in hand
• Stop him at the front wheel of the unit
• Obtain documents with the non-weapon hand
Walk Through
• Same concept as the walk back, however the officer will position themselves back
around the passenger side door prior to giving the orders, remember to unlock the
doors prior to exiting the driver’s side seat, don’t conduct business between vehicles.
Low Profile Position
• Stress that time is on the officer’s side.
• Call for back up.
• Weapon should be unholstered.
40
Traffic stops consist of three (3) phases:
o Beginning
o Middle
o End
41
a violent or criminal act reported to the local authorities which was directed at you during the course of, or an attempt of, a physical assault resulting in serious injury, kidnapping, or rape.”
Felonious Assault
42
Accidental Assault meaning
accidentally cause harm to someone and your actions were not reckless.
43
Most tactical changes occur during the ______________of the stop
middle phase
44
In the US, _______________% of officers are killed with their own weapon.
10-15%
45
Traffic infraction, daytime conditions, etc.
Low risk
46
Suspicious vehicle, tinted windows, van, etc.
Unknown risk
From a tactical standpoint, majority of stops will fall here.
47
Known suspects, weapons, pursuits, etc.
High risk (felony stops)
48
Acronym LOCAL
Location, Occupant(s), Color, Auto (body style, make,
model, etc.), License
49
4 basic positions for the patrol unit
20’ back and offset to the left
* 20’ back and offset to the right (not used for a left side walk-up)
* 3’ back and offset to the left
* 3’ back and offset to the right (not used for a left side walk-up)
50
Describe the three general categories for vehicle stops.
• Low risk: Traffic infraction, daytime conditions, etc.
• Unknown risk: Suspicious vehicle, tinted windows, van, etc.
o From a tactical standpoint, majority of stops will fall here.
• High risk: (Felony stops): Known suspects, weapons, pursuits, etc.
51
What is the LOCAL acronym stand for
Location,
Occupants,
Color
Auto body
License
52
8-step Tactical Vehicle Stop:
• Greeting
• Identify yourself and the Department
• Reason
• Justification (May outweigh the violation)
• Driver’s license
• Insurance
• Decision
• Close
53
The Seven Step Violator Contact Method:
• Step One: Greeting and identification of the police agency
• Step Two: Statement of violation committed
• Step Three: Identification of driver and check of conditions of violator and vehicle
• Step Four: Statement of action to be taken
• Step Five: Take that action
• Step Six: Explain what the violator must do
• Step Seven: Leave
54
Standard Right-Side Approach
Contact is from the passenger side window
55
Standard Left Side Approach
Contact is from the driver’s side window (most common)
*
56
Tactical Left Side Walk-Up
• Officer flares out wide, out-of-sight from the driver’s side mirror
• Makes their approach
• At the transition point, they go to the driver’s window
57
Walk Back
Remove seatbelt
• Order the violator back into the unit with documents in hand
• Stop him at the front wheel of the unit
• Obtain documents with the non-weapon hand
58
Walk Through
Same concept as the walk back, however the officer will position themselves back
around the passenger side door prior to giving the orders, remember to unlock the
doors prior to exiting the driver’s side seat, don’t conduct business between vehicles.
59
Low Profile Position
(felony stop)
* Stress that time is on the officer’s side.
* Call for back up.
* Weapon should be unholstered.
*Stress light effectiveness
60
Start with the biggest threat ______________.
First
61
What are the 4 stages of arrest?
1. Control
2. Handcuff
3. Search
4. Transport
62
Stress light effectiveness: officer should
see all occupants’ hands prior to exit commands.
• Start with the biggest threat first.
• Stress on an arrest team how they should have the four (4) stages of arrest in
order:
1. Control
2. Handcuff
3. Search
4. Transport
63
Discuss the 12 ambush zones
Statistically, 6L is the most dangerous
• Escapes while in kill zones, 1 and 2 are towards the rear of the patrol unit
Escapes while in kill zones, 3 – 6 are in the ambush position (behind the right corner
of the violator’s vehicle)
64
Ambush
Zones
Escapes while in kill zones, 3 – 6 are in the ambush position (behind the right corner
of the violator’s vehicle)
65
Ambush Zone
Statistically, 6L is the most dangerous
* Escapes while in kill zones, 1 and 2 are towards the rear of the patrol unit
* Escapes while in kill zones, 3 – 6 are in the ambush position (behind the right corner
of the violator’s vehicle)
66
Discuss case laws as they relate to traffic stops
Discuss case laws as they relate to traffic stops.
• Terry v. Ohio – Pat down case
• Pennsylvania v. Mimms – Lets officers take driver out of the vehicle
• Tennessee v. Garner – Must have imminent threat on fleeing felon
• Graham v. Connor – Landmark case for reasonable officer test
• Canton v. Harris – Failure to properly train affects rights of people
• Maryland v. Wilson – Lets officer take passengers out of vehicle
67
A service call is never————————-.
a routine call
68
What are search techniques for bombs and suspicious devices?
Search for bomb using proper techniques: Turn all radios off within 500 feet of search
area, do not touch anything that looks suspicious.
• If a device or suspicious object is found, evacuate the immediate area and call
specialized assistance. Do not move the device!
69
Crowd control
Techniques used to address unlawful public assemblies, including a display of
formidable numbers of police officers, crowd containment, dispersal tactics and arrest
procedures.
70
Demonstration
Used generically to include a wide range of First Amendment activities which require, or
which may require, police traffic control, crowd management, crowd control, crowd
dispersal or enforcement actions in a crowd situation.
71
Describe the role of a Peace Officer on a daily basis.
Maintaining peace with
intent to safeguard lives and property.
72
Code of Criminal Procedure 6.06
Places a civic duty on peace officers to prevent injury to people and property by using
only that force necessary to prevent commission of offenses, and no greater.
73
Places a civic duty on peace officers to prevent injury to people and property by using
only that force necessary to prevent commission of offenses, and no greater.
Officers may use “all force necessary to repel the aggression”.
74
Factors to Consider When Organizing for Crowd Management:
• The legal rights of the group to assemble.
75
The overall objective of crowd management is ______________.
control
76
Key objectives when responding to crowds
-Disperse the crowd
-Arrest violators
77
A large number of persons temporarily congregated. Generally, the members of a
crowd think and act as individuals and are without organization.
crowd
78
Has no unity of purpose and no leadership, i.e., shoppers, on-lookers, or
watchers who come and go, and will usually respond to direction by police.
Casual crowd
79
This type of crowd usually assembles for a common purpose without leadership, i.e.,
spectators at sporting events, along parade routes, and other activities. They have a
common interest but behave and think as individuals.
Cohesive Crowd
80
This type of crowd is assembled for some purpose. They have leadership and the intention of expressing an attitude for, or against, some person or idea, i.e., political
rallies and picket lines.
Expressive Crowd
81
Is usually assembled for some purpose. They have leadership, are
determined to accomplish a specific end, and move actively toward their objective.
Usually, high emotional tension is present. This type of crowd can easily become a mob.
Consequently, this type of crowd presents an acute police problem.
Aggressive Crowd
82
A crowd develops into a_____________when all or most members of the crowd have been
instilled with a purpose and intent to carry out their purpose, regardless of the
consequences.
Mob
83
A mob reaches the___________ when acts of violence are committed.
hot stage
84
An ___________ mob riots and terrorizes as in the case of race riots,
political riots, or prison riots.
Aggressive
85
A mob in a state of panic. In their attempt to secure safety by flight,
members may have lost their power of reasoning.
escape mob
86
A mob motivated by a desire to acquire something, i.e., food riots.
Aquisitive
87
-low social status
o Their mob behavior may be similar to the behavior they exhibit in ordinary daily life.
o They are short-tempered and hot headed and are always looking for a fight.
o This type of person needs only a fancied insult or a slight provocation to be excited
into violence.
impulsive and lawless person
88
o Those who hang back on the sidelines and do not join the action until the large
number of persons participating gives the impression of universality. (Everyone
else is doing it so why don’t I?)
o Another type of yielder is the person who opposes violence, but only half-
heartedly. The fighting starts, they join in.
yeilders
89
Those who do not actively join the mob, but enjoy the excitement and even shout
encouragement, sometimes to both sides.
supportive persons
90
Those people whose values and standards of judgment are not swayed by the
emotional furor of the mob, who maintain level heads, and who disagree with
the actions of the majority.
o A mob is intolerant and meets resistance with violence.
resisters
91
Psychopathic Individuals
Those persons with a pathological personality structure who might be part of a
mob.
They may be angry at the world, possibly because of frustration or mental illness,
and may use the riotous situation as a means of getting even with society.
92
When a crowd becomes a mob, all restraint is lost.
behavior dynamics
93
At all times, your manner should be ____________, ____________ and _____________ in all contacts with the crowd or its representatives.
professional, unbiased, and
firm
94
Officers should remember that most persons in a crowd are not the _______________.
enemy
95
_________________ is essential.
containment
96
A proactive anticipation, recognition, and appraisal of a crime risk and the action
needed to remove or reduce that risk.
Crime Prevention
97
An officer's ________________ is that of crime prevention.
primary responsibility
98
To prevent the occurrence of crime, the opportunity for someone to commit the crime
must be _____________________.
eliminated or reduced.
99
Citizens are encouraged to mark their personal property, e.g., cameras, stereo,
appliances, etc., with identifying information like a ________________.
driver's license number
