Patrol Flashcards
What are the objectives of Patrol?
-To preserve the peace by mere presence and by proper action
-prevent crime by opportunity reduction; duty to prevent
-suppress crime by timely response
-apprehend suspect
-regulate non-criminal conduct by obtaining and maintaining good officer citizen relationships
Importance of patrol?
-Protection
-Service
What is the most single most important factor in officer survival?
Mental conditioning
What are some factors involved in psychological preparedness?
-Attitude development and preparation
-sociological and psychological maturity
-formal and informal education
-personal value system
Officers must avoid developing attitudes that are counterproductive of job
performance like?
-Isolationism and ostracizing others
-Becoming paranoid and regarding all people suspiciously or as would-be
criminals
-Withdrawing from or failing to be a normal part of the community
Color Codes of awarness
White - Relaxed
Yellow - Alert to Surroundings
Orange - Senses Alerted to something happened
Red- Taking Action
Black - Panic
Truths about the color codes of awarness
The more time spent in white the greater chance to become a statistic
The more time in yellow and orange the greater chance for survival
Condition yellow is a lifetime commitment for peace officers
Color code of awareness- WHITE
Relaxed
Unaware of actions around you
Reading newspaper
Watching TV
Color code of awareness- Yellow
Alert to Surroundings
Paying attention to noises
Movement
Smells
Actions of others
Color code of awareness- Orange
Senses Alerted to Something Happening
Recognize the threat
Formulate a plan
Prepare to take action
Color code of awareness- Red
Taking Action
Fighting
Running
Driving
Chasing
Color code of awareness- Black
Panic
Freeze
May be due to lack of training and preparation
May be due to lack of faith in training
Officers should always, be mentally and emotionally prepared for a possible shooting situation…
A state of mental readiness gives professional officers an edge in such a situation. Officers can begin to develope this state of mental readiness with planning or mental rehersals.
Cover
Any material that can reasonably be expected to stop the travel of a bullet fired
from small arms such as handguns, shotguns, and rifles that provides an adequate level
of protection from danger/injury (brick walls, automobile engine, etc.) Cover is typically
hardened, thick, bulky material.
Concealment
Hides you from view but without protection. Any object that prevents a
person from seeing you is concealment. A thick bush, a closed set of window blinds or a
shower curtain all qualify as concealment.
Never approach a potentially dangerous situation without first________________[.
notifying someone
(dispatch, supervisor) and, if needed, without backup.
Never go into a building or structure where criminal activity is suspected___________.
Without backup
Maintain a _____________ of the police sidearm.
Constant awareness
Practice good officer-survival techniques_______________.
Day in and day out
Silhouetting
Placing yourself, others, or your patrol unit in a position as to provide the suspect(s)
with a definite identifiable target.
To avoid silhouetting backup units should?
Secure headlights, reds, and ambers upon approach of primary unit.
Avoid holding flashlight toward other officers
If suspect’s hands are already in pocket, instruct them to?
Not remove them
What are the two types of problem area patrols?
Preventative Patrol and Apprehension Patrol
Preventive Patrol
Preventative enforcement: Conduct property checks, question suspicious persons, vary
patrol patterns and predictability and maintain high visibility.
Selective patrol:
Apprehension Patrol
Covert or low visibility tatics and techniques - surveillance
Identify the six different patrol modes:
Bicycle Patrol
Motorcycle Patrol
Foot Patrol
Automobile Patrol
Fixed Wing Helicopter Patrol
Mounted Patrol
Advantages of One-Officer Patrol:
• Having twice as many patrol vehicles on the street doubles preventive enforcement.
• When the officer is alone, more attention is devoted to patrol functions and duties.
• An officer alone develops self-reliance, rather than depending on a partner for backup.
• A lone officer in a patrol vehicle takes fewer chances.
Advantages of Two-Officer Patrol:
• Has a greater safety factor.
• Can be used as a training aid for the correction of officer mistakes.
• Shared driving duties.
• Two pairs of eyes are better than one.
• One officer can operate the radio while the other drives.
When to perform a pedestrian stop
If the individual is:
Carrying something suspicious
Acting strangely
stopping other people on the street
When performing a pedestrian stop:
• Take note of escape routes.
• Gauge the number of people that could be hurt should an incident occur.
• A place where there would be the least number of hostages possible.
• Gauge officer safety.
• Report location to dispatcher.
How to perform a pedestrian stop:
.
How to perform a pedestrian stop:
• Use effective verbal communications.
• Approach carefully: Maintain visual contact with suspicious person, approach on right
side since most people are right-handed, watch for furtive movements or attempts to
flee, establish early eye contact, and be aware of surroundings.
CA v. Hodari
Addresses the question of whether a show of force constitutes a seizure; considers the Mendenhall rule adopted by the Court, namely, that A person has been ‘seized’ within the meaning of the fourth amendment only if, in view of all the circumstances surrounding the incident, a reasonable person would have believed that he was not free to leave and comments on its decision that police pursuit does not constitute a seizure.
Hint: Can’t seize Houdini….
MI v Chesternut
The test of whether a seizure violates the Fourth Amendment is based off whether a reasonable man would have concluded that the police had restrained his liberty so that he was not free to leave. Under the reasonable man standard, Chesternut was not seized before he discarded the drugs because a reasonable person would not conclude the police attempted to chase Chesternut simply by accelerating to catch up with him, followed by a short drive alongside him.
In regards to field inquiries, what are some vital sources of info from learning your patrol area?
• The people in the area personally know the officer.
• The officer learns the socio-economic make-up of the people in the area.
• The officer learns where people work and becomes aware of who the store clerks are,
what time they travel to and from work, and what types of vehicles they drive.
• People observe and know many things and will tell a good officer who has developed
proper rapport through field inquiry.
Define vehicle stop
Any situation where the officer is immediately deploying directly from the patrol vehicle.
The 2 hazards during a stop:
Felonious assault- felonious assault is a serious type of assault that can be considered a felony. It occurs when someone threatens or uses force on another person in a way that causes fear of harm or injury. Felonious assault is often considered a felony when a deadly weapon is used or when the intent is to commit another crime.
Accidental assault-Assault in Texas is defined in Penal Code Chapter 22 and covers everything from a class C offensive touching to a first-degree aggravated assault punishable by up to life in prison. The degree and severity of Texas assault charges depend on the offender’s mental state, the extent of the injury, and certain characteristics of the alleged victim. In this article, we will break down the different types of Texas assault charges and answer some frequently asked questions about criminal assault in Texas.
Discuss the phases of traffic stops.
• Traffic stops consist of three (3) phases:
o Beginning
o Middle
o End
• Most tactical changes occur during the Middle Phase of the stop
• In the U.S., 10/15% of officers are killed with their own weapon
• Low risk: Traffic infraction, daytime conditions, etc.
• Unknown risk: Suspicious vehicle, tinted windows, van, etc.
o From a tactical standpoint, majority of stops will fall here.
• High risk: (Felony stops): Known suspects, weapons, pursuits, etc.
• The assessment of a traffic stop can change anytime during the actual traffic stop; it can
escalate or de-escalate.
• Acronym LOCAL: Location, Occupant(s), Color, Auto (body style, make,
model, etc.), License
The Seven Step Violator Contact Method:
• Step One: Greeting and identification of the police agency
• Step Two: Statement of violation committed
• Step Three: Identification of driver and check of conditions of violator and vehicle
• Step Four: Statement of action to be taken
• Step Five: Take that action
• Step Six: Explain what the violator must do
• Step Seven: Leave
Explain the seven basic tactics for making contact with the violator.
Standard Right-Side Approach
• Contact is from the passenger side window
Standard Left Side Approach
• Contact is from the driver’s side window (Most common)
Tactical Right Side Walk-Up
• Officer goes around their unit, out-of-sight from the passenger side mirror
• Flares out and approaches the violator’s passenger side window at the “transition
point”
Tactical Left Side Walk-Up
• Officer flares out wide, out-of-sight from the driver’s side mirror
• Makes their approach
• At the transition point, they go to the driver’s window
Walk Back
• Remove seatbelt
• Order the violator back into the unit with documents in hand
• Stop him at the front wheel of the unit
• Obtain documents with the non-weapon hand
Walk Through
• Same concept as the walk back, however the officer will position themselves back
around the passenger side door prior to giving the orders, remember to unlock the
doors prior to exiting the driver’s side seat, don’t conduct business between vehicles.
Low Profile Position
• Stress that time is on the officer’s side.
• Call for back up.
• Weapon should be unholstered.
