Professional Development (Exam Two) Flashcards
Define ethics.
System of beliefs and behaviors that goes beyond the law
T/F: Ethical decision-making is a skill that can be learned.
True
List the four categories of ethics.
- Metaethics
- Normative ethics
- Applied ethics
- Descriptive ethics
What category of ethics is used mostly by nurses and other health-care providers?
Applied ethics
Which category of ethics is deemed as a bottom-up approach to ethics?
Descriptive ethics
Define morals.
Fundamental standards of right and wrong that an individual learns and internalizes
When are morals usually developed?
In the early stages of childhood
As nurses become more ___________ they must accept their ethical accountability.
Autonomous
Values are derived most commonly from what?
- Societal norms
- Religion
- Family orientation
What concept serves as the framework for making decisions and taking action in daily life?
Values
T/F: Peoples values tend to change as their life situations change, as they grow older, and as they encounter situations that cause value conflicts.
True
List the two important aspects of laws.
- Enforceable
- Equal
As a society increases in size and becomes more complex, there becomes an increased need for what?
- More laws
- Stronger ethical system
_________ is the right to self-determination, independence, and freedom.
Autonomy
Autonomy refers to what?
The client’s right to make health-care decisions for him/herself even if the physician does not agree with those decisions
It is important to know what two factors in order to maintain autonomy?
- State laws
- Patients right and wishes
The principal of justice underlies the first statement of what document?
American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics
Define fidelity as it relates to healthcare.
Must be faithful in the promises made as a professional
____________ is one of the oldest requirements for health-care providers.
Beneficence
What principal views the primary goal of health care as doing good for clients under their care?
Beneficence
The ethical principal that requires health-care providers do no harm to their clients, either intentionally or unintentionally is known as ______________.
Nonmaleficence
Besides do no harm, the ethical principal of nonmaleficence also requires health-care providers to do what?
Protect from harm those who cannot protect themselves from harm
List examples of individuals who cannot protect themselves as defined by nonmaleficence.
- Children
- Elderly
- Mentally incompetent
- Unconscious
- Extremely weak and debilitated
Define veracity.
Truthfulness or right-to-know