Genitourinary System (Exam One) Flashcards
Where does urine form?
Kidneys
What amount of urine is stored by the renal pelvis?
3mL to 5mL
What is the purpose of the capsule that covers the kidneys?
- Shock absorber
- Protection
What is the difference between a child’s kidneys and an adults kidneys? Children are at an increased risk for what because of this difference?
- Children lack renal capsule for kidney protection
- More susceptible to kidney injury
What is the first step in the process of urine production?
Glomerular filtration
Which calculation determines how well the blood is being filtered by the kidneys?
- Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
- Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
What is the normal value for glomerular filtration rate?
120 mL/minute
A glomerular filtration rate of what value may indicate kidney failure?
<15 mL/minute
What cellular mechanism is responsible for selective reabsorption?
Hormones
The proximal tubules are the only site for what?
Glucose reabsorption
The proximal tubules are responsible for the reabsorption of what solutes?
- Glucose
- Amino acids
- Phosphate
- Citrate
The proximal tubule is considered what?
Metabolic organ
Inflammation of the bladder is known as what?
Cystitis
Decreased kidney function is denoted by what amount of urine output per hour?
<30 mL
What is the normal amount of urine production in 24 hours?
1,500 mL
What disease will accelerate the decrease of renal size with age?
Atherosclerosis
What does proper anatomy of the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) help prevent?
- Urine reflux
- Infection
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
List the functions of the kidneys. Identify which function is considered the primary function.
- Filtration of blood (primary)
- Create urine
- Rid the body of waste
- Excrete or conserve fluid
- Maintain electrolyte balance
- Acid-base balance
- Activate Vitamin D
- Produce erythropoietin
- Produce renin
- Regulate blood pressure
What is the normal value for estimated glomerular filtration rate?
> 60 mL/minute
Which substances are reabsorbed into the blood after filtration?
- Water
- Sodium
- Chloride
- Calcium
- Bicarbonate
Which substances are filtered out into the urine?
- Potassium
- Hydrogen ions
- Ammonia
What is the purpose of the kidneys activating vitamin D?
Vitamin D must be in its active form so the body can absorb calcium
What is the purpose of erythropoietin?
Stimulates bone marrow to produce red blood cells