Professional Development (Exam One) Flashcards
1
Q
A group of tasks assigned to one individual is known as what?
A
Position
2
Q
A group of positions similar in nature and level of skill that can be carried out by one, or more, individuals is referred to as a what?
A
Job
3
Q
A group of jobs similar in type of work that are usually found throughout an industry or work environment is referred to as a what?
A
Occupation
4
Q
A type of occupation that requires prolonged preparation and formal qualifications and meets certain higher level criteria is known as a what?
A
Profession
5
Q
What is a professional?
A
A person who practices a profession
6
Q
The demonstration of high-level personal, ethical and skill characteristics of a member of a profession is referred to as what?
A
Professionalism
7
Q
Describe the process approach.
A
Views all occupations on a continuum ranging from position to profession
8
Q
The process approach is based on what?
A
Public opinion
9
Q
Which approach bases judgement of a profession on the independence of practice and the power of the occupation?
A
Power approach
10
Q
The power approach basis judgement of a profession on what two criteria?
A
- Independence of practice
- Power of occupation
11
Q
What occupations are viewed as a profession under the power approach?
A
- Medicine
- Law
- Politics
12
Q
Which approach does nursing most closely meet the criteria to be deemed a profession?
A
Trait approach
13
Q
The trait approach is based on what?
A
Common characteristics
14
Q
What practice is addressed in all currently used nursing theories?
A
Evidence-based practice
15
Q
What is responsibility?
A
The concept that all individuals are accountable for their own actions and for the consequences of those actions
16
Q
Define accountability.
A
The concept that each individual is responsible for his/her own actions and the consequences of those actions
17
Q
What two factors increase the independence and freedom of nursing as a profession?
A
- Responsibility
- Accountability
18
Q
Define autonomy.
A
- State of being self-directed or independent
- Ability to make decisions about one’s future
19
Q
Which type of nursing exhibits the most autonomy?
A
- Advanced Practice Nurse (APRN)
- Nurse Practitioner
20
Q
What is the most important element for gaining and maintaining control of the nursing practice by nurses?
A
Autonomy
21
Q
Nurses are often the primary and only individuals named when medical or medication errors are made as a result of the concept _____________.
A
Accountability
22
Q
Nursing is considered both _________ and _________.
A
Independent and interdependent
23
Q
Define altruistic.
A
Act of being selfless
24
Q
List examples of how nurses are altruistic.
A
- Working in hostile areas
- Provide care for sick or dying (COVID-19)
- Working 12 hour shifts
- Working holidays
25
In order to have a voice within the nursing practice, nurses should do what?
Join professional organizations in large numbers
26
Fewer than ______ of nurses are in a professional organization.
10%
27
Empowerment refers to what in relation to nursing?
- Helps the nurse take action
| - Perform activities that promote patient care
28
What concepts lead to lack of empowerment?
- Belittlement
- Lack of confidence
- Fatigue
- Burnout
- Lack of experience
29
What term is best used to describe the ability or capacity to exert influence over another person or group of persons?
Power
30
List the characteristics of nurses who are empowered.
- Strong, positive attitude
- Highly motivated
- Use their motivation to motivate others
31
____________ ________ is defined as establishing and maintaining a close personal relationship with someone.
Referent power
32
Patients take medications, tolerate uncomfortable treatments, and participate in demanding activities because of the -therapeutic nurse-patient relationships. This is an example of what type of power?
Referent power
33
A physician is more likely to give wanted orders because of his/her trust in the abilities of the nurse. This is an example of what type of power?
Referent power
34
The ability to reprimand, withhold rewards, and threaten punishment is the key element underlying ________ _______.
Coercive power
35
What type of power destroys therapeutic nurse-patient relationships and is considered unethical and even illegal in certain situations?
Coercive power
36
List an example of coercive power.
- Withholding pain medication because the patient did not comply with nursing therapies
- Threatening patients with a painful injection if they do not take their oral medications
37
__________ __________ is derived from the amount of knowledge, skill, or expertise that an individual or group has.
Expert power
38
Nurses access which specific power when they use their knowledge to teach, counsel, and motivate patients, coworkers, or students?
Expert power
39
Nurses in __________ ________ roles are good examples of those who have expert power.
Advanced practice
40
The _________ ________ depends on the ability of one person to grant another some type of reward for specific behaviors or changes in behavior.
Reward power
41
The power to provide a patient with additional food after complying with nursing therapies such as ambulating and passing gas is known as what?
Reward power
42
Which power is considered the underlying principal in the process of behavior modification?
Reward power
43
_____________ __________ is the legislative or legal act that gives an individual or organization the right to make decisions.
Legitimate power
44
The power in which the State Board of Nursing can revoke a nurses license if they commit a harmful act towards a patient is referred to as?
Legitimate power
45
Due to its establishment under the Nurse Practice Act, the State Board of Nursing has what type of power?
Legitimate power
46
When a large group of individuals who have similar beliefs, desires, or needs become organized, this is referred to as __________ _________.
Collective power
47
Which source of power contains elements of reward, coercive, expert, and referent power?
Collective power
48
What is considered the focal point for collective power?
Professional organizations
49
Which four elements must be utilized in order to increase nursing power?
- Professional unity
- Political activity
- Accountability and professionalism
- Networking
50
The primary way in which nurses gain power in all areas of practice is by demonstrating which action?
Professional unity
51
Which qualities are characteristic of a profession? (SATA)
A. Specialized body of knowledge
B. High level of individual responsibility and accountability
C. Potential for high pay
D. Relatively high degree of autonomy
E. A code of ethics
A, B, D, E
52
_________ is the ability or capacity to exert influence over another person or group of persons.
Power
53
Some states require that APRNs practice under the license of a physician. What are of the nursing profession is being limited by these regulations?
A. Specialized body of knowledge
B. Public service and altruistic activities
C. A code of ethics that guides members in their practice
D. Autonomy and independence of practice
D. Autonomy and independence of practice
54
Place the steps of developing an evidence-based practice in the order they should occur.
1. Evaluate effectiveness of current practices
2. Identify the goal of the intervention
3. Develop a plan to implement new findings
4. Train staff to use the new intervention
5. Search for practices that are demonstrably more effective
2, 1, 5, 3, 4
55
```
To increase their power, what should nurses do? (SATA)
A. Network
B. Become politically active
C. Demonstrate professionalism
D. Join professional organizations
E. March in demonstrations
```
A, B, C, D
56
What four standards are utilized when developing nursing curriculum?
- NCLEX
- Pew study
- Institute of Medicine (IOM)
- QSEN
57
The push for an improved nursing curriculum began with recognition of the large numbers of what?
- Medication errors
| - Medical errors
58
These medication and medical errors lead to the injury and death of as many as _________ patients per year.
90,000
59
QSEN has ____ competencies based on the Institute of Medicines (IOM) original competencies.
6
60
List the QSEN competencies.
- Client-centered care
- Teamwork and collaboration
- Evidence-based practice (EBP)
- Quality improvement (QI)
- Safety
- Informatics
61
Client-centered care is defined as what?
The relationship between the nurse and the client
62
List other names for the term 'client-centered care'?
- Relationship-centered care
| - Patient-centered care
63
What concept requires nurses to use information from research as the basis of making decisions about providing care?
Evidence-based practice
64
QSEN competencies were developed based on the competencies of which institution?
Institution of Medicine (IOM)
65
Which QSEN competency is based on information management and the application of client care technology?
Quality improvement
66
The QSEN project started due to the push for an improvement in the quality and safety of patient care due to what?
- Medical errors
| - Medication errors
67
Give examples of quality improvement within the health care system.
- Electronic health record (EHR)
| - Pyxis machine
68
Describe the QSEN competency of teamwork and collaboration.
Forming a nursing support network by being respectful of all other disciplinary teams
69
Which QSEN competency describes how to utilize data and how nurses deliver patient care based on this data?
Informatics
70
The common concept based curriculum in New Mexico that produces nurses who are patient centered, think critically, and are able to recognize the needs of patients is known as what?
New Mexico Nursing Education Consortium (NMNEC)
71
How many New Mexico schools are included under the NMNEC curriculum?
12
72
What paper reevaluated the nature and scope of nursing practice, including the type and quality of education needed to meet new demand?
ANA Position Paper 1964
73
According to the ANA Position Paper, IOM article, and the Aiken report, what degree is considered the basic level of preparation for all nurses?
Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)
74
How many years after receiving an ADN should a nurse receive a BSN?
Ten years
75
List the three criteria associated with lower hospital mortality and improved outcomes for surgical patients according to Aiken (2011).
- Better nurse staffing
- Better work environment
- Better educated nurses
76
Florence Nightingale was born on _____ ___, ________ and died on __________ ____, ______.
Born: May 12, 1820
Died: August 13, 1910
77
Florence Nightingale considered these components as essential when developing her own school of nursing?
Formal systematic education in theory and in practice
78
Florence Nightingale set the nursing profession up for ________ by implementing separate education for nurses.
Autonomy
79
Because nurses have gained autonomy within their profession, what can take place against them?
Legal action
80
List tasks able to be performed by unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP).
- Activities of daily living (bathing, feeding, ambulating)
- Vital signs
- Clean catheterization
- Simple dressing changes
- Suction of chronic tracheostomy
- Gastrostomy feedings
81
What type of nurse may only care for stable chronic patients?
LPN/LVN
82
What percentage of LPN/LVNs work in nursing homes?
38%
83
List tasks able to be performed by an LPN/LVN.
- Monitor basic condition of patient
- Wound dressings
- Catheters
- Take patient history
- Documenting care
- Test/procedure
- ADLs
- Consult with RN on care plan
84
What types of nurses, or nursing degrees, are considered a technical (degree) nurse?
- LPN/LVN
| - ADN-RN
85
Nurses with which type of degree are considered professional nurses?
BSN or higher
86
A BSN degree equips a nurse with what specific skill set?
- Better leadership skills
| - Managerial skills
87
A BSN degree gives a nurse the ability to practice where?
In a specialized setting
88
List the types of advanced practice nurses.
- Nurse practitioner
- Clinical nurse specialist
- Certified nurse midwives (CNM)
- Certified nurse anesthetist (CRNA)
89
What is the terminal degree for an advanced practice RN?
DNP
90
What is the goal of case management nurses?
Coordinate the use of the health care services that is efficient and cost-effective
91
List the progression of health care providers according to level of education (low education to high education).
- UAP
- LPN/LVN
- ADN-RN
- BSN-RN
- APRN (MSN/DNP)
92
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Which Institute of Medicine (IOM) competency is demonstrated by the nurse and the respiratory therapist coordinating care of a client hospitalized with an exacerbation of COPD?
A. Client-centered care
B. Interdisciplinary teamwork
C. Evidence-based practice
D. Quality improvement
```
B. Interdisciplinary teamwork
93
Which statement BEST describes the relationship between the IOM competencies and the QSEN competencies?
A. The IOM competencies were based on a medical model; the QSEN competencies were based on a nursing model
B. Only the IOM competencies address safety; the QSEN competencies do not
C. Only the IOM competencies are included in up-to-date nursing textbooks
D. The IOM competencies were used to create the QSEN competencies to guide the development of nursing curricula
D. The IOM competencies were used to create the QSEN competencies to guide the development of nursing curricula
94
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Alonzo wants to become an RN and is trying to decide between an ADN program and a BSN program. Which of the following is an advantage of the ADN? (SATA)
A. Lower schooling costs
B. Earlier entry into the workforce
C. An easier form of the NCLEX-RN
D. Just as much prestige as a BSN
E. An emphasis on skills training
```
A, B, E
95
What are the effects of having multiple paths to entering the nursing profession? (SATA)
A. More options are available to students
B. More respect exists between nursing colleagues
C. Multiple paths causes confusion among the public
D. The NCLEX-RN becomes an equalizer
E. Multiple paths causes confusion among nurses
A, C, E
96
Which factor was primarily responsible for the shift away from diploma schools of nursing?
A. The cost to hospitals running diploma schools became too high
B. Nurses trained in diploma schools were not as proficient as others
C. Women were no longer limited in the types of professions they could choose
D. Accreditation standards were developed that diploma schools could not or would not meet
D. Accreditation standards were developed that diploma schools could not or would not meet
97
What factor motivated the inclusion of interdisciplinary teamwork as an IOM competency?
A. Poor communication and lack of teamwork led to burnout and high staff turnover
B. Poor communication and lack of teamwork among health-care workers contributed to errors
C. Good communication and teamwork improve job satisfaction among health-care workers
D. Good communication and teamwork improve patient-satisfaction scores
B. Poor communication and lack of teamwork among health-care workers contributed to errors
98
__________ establishes a minimal level of competency for practice.
Licensure
99
A ____________ is the granting of credentials to indicate that an individual has achieved a level of ability higher than the minimal level of competency indicated by licensure.
Certification
100
____________ is the listing of a license with in a state for a fee
Registration
101
What defines nursing and a nurses scope of practice?
Nurse Practice Act
102
The Nurse Practice Act defines what for all nurses?
Scope of practice
103
What is the purpose of the Nurse Practice Act?
- Regulate practice of nurses
| - Protect the public
104
What act established the state Boards of Nursing (BON) and defines specific BON powers regarding the practice of nursing within the state?
Nurse Practice Act
105
List the functions of the Nurse Practice Act.
- Define nursing and the scope of practice
- Rule on who can use the titles of RN and LPN/LVN
- Set up application procedure for licensure in the state
- Determine fees for licensure
- Establish requirements for licensure renewal
- Determine responsibility for any regulations governing expanded practice for nurses in that particular state
106
The Nurse Practice Act (NPA) holds nurses __________.
Accountable
107
T/F: Regulatory powers are considered law and nurses must abide by them.
True
108
By __________ ____, all state BONs have the power to grant licenses, approve nursing programs, establish starts for nursing schools, and write specific regulations for nurses and nursing practice in general in that state.
Legislative act
109
The New Mexico State Board of Nursing is made up of how many board members?
7
110
The New Mexico Board of Nursing consists of 7 members; ____ licensed nurses and ____ members who represent the public.
4 licensed nurses and 3 members who represent the public
111
What role does the licensure exam play in nursing?
Gives an objective method to measure competence
112
What exam was implemented to achieve consistency of quality among nurses across the country?
NCLEX
113
What year was the NCLEX implemented?
1950
114
The NCLEX is ______ and ensures _________.
- Uniform
| - Consistency
115
What type of licensure is uncommon in nursing?
Institutional
116
List examples of individuals who often practice under institutional licensure.
- Respiratory therapist
| - Physical therapist
117
Who is allowed to practice under a permissive licensure?
Graduate nurses
118
What does mandatory licensure require?
Requires anyone who wishes to practice as an RN pass the NCLEX
119
The compact license allows nurses licensed in one state to practice in another state by obtaining licensure by ________.
Endorsement
120
Organizational certifications are often referred to as what?
Accreditation
121
What components are necessary when renewing nursing licensure? How often must a nursing license be renewed?
- Continuing education
- Fee
-Every two years
122
What are the most important and defining characteristics of a profession and the main reason for joining organizations?
- Strength in numbers
| - Speaking with one voice
123
Through the organization Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN), what is one of the major functions of the National League of Nursing (NLN)?
Accreditation
124
Which organization developed standards for the accreditation of baccalaureate schools of nursing and published a set of guidelines for the education of professional nursing students that is widely used as the theoretical basis for baccalaureate curricula?
American Association of College of Nursing (AACN)
125
List the purposes of the American Nursing Association (ANA)?
- Improving standards of health and access to health-care services for everyone
- Improving and maintaining high standards for nursing practice
- Promoting the professional growth and development of all nurses
126
State Boards of Nursing (SBN) are the primary membership of which organization?
American Nurses Association (ANA)
127
What organization tests and certifies advanced practice nurses?
American Nurses Association (ANA)
128
What organization implemented the NCLEX in the year 1950?
National League of Nurses (NLN)
129
Why is it beneficial to join an organization?
- Focus on higher education
- Speaking with one voice
- Strength in numbers
130
What type of organization is the Institute of Medicine (IOM)?
Non-profit organization
131
What does the Institute of Medicine (IOM) do in relation to curriculum development?
- Provide unbiased decisions
- Work outside of government
- Provide non-biased advice/suggestions
132
Which organization aims to improve standards for higher education for professional nursing?
American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)
133
Which organization was the first national nursing organization to provide accreditation for nursing programs at all levels?
National League for Nurses (NLN)
134
What is the primary purpose of the National League for Nursing (NLN)?
Maintain and improve standards of nursing education
135
What are the negative aspects of institutional licensure in today's health-care system? (SATA)
A. The quality of the nursing care delivered is not as good
B. There is no agreed upon measure of minimal level of competency
C. It keeps staffing costs down by using less qualified nurses
D. It is not transferable to a another facility or state
E. It allows nurses licensed in foreign countries to avoid taking the U.S. licensure examination
A, B, D
136
A __________ is state legislation regulation the practice of nurses that protects the public, defines the scope of practice, and makes nurses accountable for their actions.
Nurse Practice Act
