Production of Sperm

Question 1

Where does sperm production occur?

Answer 1

In seminiferous tubules

Question 2

Simply explain the anatomical path of sperm

Answer 2

Seminiferous Tubules

Mediastinum

Head of epididymis

Tail of epididymis

Ductus Deferens

Question 3

What cells are responsible for production of testosterone?

Answer 3

Leydig

Question 4

3 type of Germ cells?

Answer 4

Spermatogonia

Spermatocytes

Spermatids

Question 5

3 types of somatic cells

Answer 5

Leydig

Sertoli

Myoid and non-myoid cells

Question 6

What do leydig cells produce?

Answer 6

Testosterone

Question 7

What do sertoli cells produce?

Answer 7

Lactate

Inhibin

Question 8

What makes up the blood testis barrier?

Answer 8

Sertoli-sertoli cell tight junction

Myoid cell layer

Question 9

What cells are always located at the basal lamina and in basal compartments?

Answer 9

Spermatogonium (2n)

Question 10

Nomenclature process of spermatogenesis

Answer 10

Spermatogonium (2n)

Primary Spermatocyte (2n)

Secondary Spermatocyte (n)

Spermatid (n)

Spermatozoon

Question 11

3 stages of cell differentiation

Answer 11

Spermatocytogenesis

Spermatidogenesis (meiosis)

Spermiogenesis

Question 12

Durring spermatocytogenesis, what occurs to self-renewal ability?

Answer 12

Decreases as multiplation occurs

Question 13

What is one of the most critical and important stages of haploid cell production?

Answer 13

Metaphase I

Question 14

How many haploid cells can one spermatocyte generate?

Answer 14

4

Question 15

What does estrogen support during spermiogenesis

Answer 15

Estrogen will also support the condensation of the DNA of the spermatids during the spermiogenesis

Question 16

What is spermiation?

Answer 16

Removal of residual cytoplasm from the spermatid by the sertoli cell, formation of the proximal droplet and release into the tubule lumen

Question 17

What is a sign of immaturity?

Answer 17

Residual cytoplasm

Question 18

How many discharges of GnRH in the male occur/day

Answer 18

4-6

Question 19

With regulation of spermatogenesis what occurs to GnRH when DHT, E2 and T are high

Answer 19

GnRH will be low due to negative feedback

Question 20

If you are testing tesosterone levels in a male, is one sample a day enough?

Answer 20

No, need to do 4-6 due to different discharges of GnRH each day

Question 21

Efficiency of spermatogenesis?

Answer 21

Not very efficient, hard to actually generate the possible 256 cells due to a lot that can go wrong

Question 22

Phenotypes observed when disruption of the spermatogonia proliferation occurs

Answer 22

Infertility

Very low testis weight

“Gelly” (smooshy) like texture

No mature spermatozoa observed in ejaculate

Question 23

Phenotypes observed when disruption of meiosis occurs

Answer 23

Infertility

Low testis weight

Gelly like texture

No mature spermatozoa oberved in the ejaculate, only round cells

Question 24

Phenotypes observed when disruption of spermiogenesis occurs

Answer 24

Infertility or subfertiliyt

Similar or smaller testis weight

Mature spermatozoa observed in ejaculate but at low concentration

High ratio of abnormal spermatozoa in the ejaculate

Question 25

How does blood cool down before entering testis

Answer 25

Blood from body runs through artery and is cooled by blood returning from testis to body

Question 26

Where does final maturation of sperm occur?

Answer 26

Epididymis

Question 27

What occurs to activity of sperm when in the tail of epididymis?

Answer 27

Activity is reduced due to a slightly acidic envirionment of 6.8. This reduces movement of sperm to reduce irritation as well as waste of energy

Question 28

What do sperm in the head of the epididymis lack?

Answer 28

Sperm do not have the factors important for motility and fertilization processes