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Reproduction > Endocrinology of Pregnancy > Flashcards

Endocrinology of Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

5 hormones secreted by the placenta?

A 
Chorionic Gonadotropin
Progesterone
Estrogen
Placental Lactogen
Relaxin
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2
Q

5 things hormones produced by placenta can do

A
  1. Stimulate ovarian function
  2. Maintain pregnancy
  3. Influence fetal growth
  4. Stimulate mammary functions
  5. Assist in parturition
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3
Q

What does “progesterone block” mean?

A

Progesterone prevents any uterine contraction during pregnancy (myometrial contractions)

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4
Q

What species is the CL not required for the entire gestation?

A

Ewe
Mare
Woman

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5
Q

Gestational length in the following species.

Alpaca

A

11.4months

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6
Q

Gestational length in the following species.

Bitch

A

2months

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7
Q

Gestational length in the following species.

Camel

A

12.3months

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8
Q

Gestational length in the following species.

Cow

A

9months

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9
Q

Gestational length in the following species.

Ewe

A

5months

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10
Q

Gestational length in the following species.

Goat

A

5months

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11
Q

Gestational length in the following species.

Llama

A

11.3 months

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12
Q

Gestational length in the following species.

Mare

A

11months

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13
Q

Gestational length in the following species.

Queen

A

2months

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14
Q

Gestational length in the following species.

Rabbit

A

1month

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15
Q

Gestational length in the following species.

Sow

A

3.8months

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16
Q

What do endometrial cups produce and what does it act as?

A

eCG
Acts as a luteotropic factor

Also induces multiple lutenization of dominant follicles during pregnancy, causing for multiple CL which increases progesterone levels

17
Q

Which species have placental lactogen?

A

Cows
Sheep
Mice
Humans

18
Q

Role of placental lactogen?

A
  1. Promotes growth of fetus

2. Can stimulate mammary glands

19
Q

Explain initiation of parturition?

A

Stress on fetus causes for release of ACTH from fetal anterior lobe of pituitary

Two major events triggered

  1. Removal of progesterone block
  2. Increase of reproductive tract secretions
20
Q

Effect of PGF2alpha secreted by placenta?

A
  1. Causes increase of myometrium activity

2. Causes regression of the CL

21
Q

How does estrogen profile of mare differ from cow during gestation?

A

Cow has a sudden sharp increase of estrogen when compared to the mares more gradual increase

22
Q

3 Stages of parturition?

A
  1. Initiation of myometrial contractions (removal of progesterone block)
  2. Expulsion of fetus
  3. Expulsion of fetal membranes
23
Q

What is puerperium?

A

Period after parturition when the reproductive tracts return to non-pregnant conditions

24
Q

4 major events of puerperium?

A
  1. Myometrial contractions and expulsion of lochia
  2. Endometrial repair
  3. Resumption of ovarian functions
  4. Elimination of bacterial contamination of the reproductive tract
25
Q

3 roles of myometrial contractions?

A
  1. Facilitate the discharge of fluids
  2. Compress the uterine vasculature and minimize the hemorrhage
  3. Reduce the size of the uterus
26
Q

What is lochia?

A

Discharge expelled from the vulva

27
Q

How much lochia in a cow is discharged in first days of puerperium?

A

up to 2000ml of lochia

Reproduction (16 decks)

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