Fertilization and Pregnancy Recognition

Question 1

Which receptors are being acted upon during an erection?

Answer 1

NANC receptors which are activated by Nitric Oxide

Question 2

Explain the chemical process of an erection

Answer 2

NO activates guanylate cyclase which converts GTP to cGMP which causes for sinusoid smooth muscle to relax

Question 3

What occurs to ejaculate concentration as you increase number of ejaculations?

Answer 3

Decreases

Question 4

Where does the cow deposit sperm?

Answer 4

Vaginally

Question 5

Where does the pig deposit sperm?

Answer 5

Cervix

Question 6

Where does the horse deposit sperm?

Answer 6

Vagina

Question 7

Where does the sheep deposit sperm?

Answer 7

Cervix

Question 8

Where does the llama deposit sperm

Answer 8

Uterus

Question 9

Give the volume and sperm concentration of the following species.
Bull

Answer 9

Vol = 4ml

[ ] = 1200 million/ml

Question 10

Give the volume and sperm concentration of the following species.
Stallion

Answer 10

Vol = 70 ml

[ ] = 120 million/ml

Question 11

Give the volume and sperm concentration of the following species.
Ram

Answer 11

Vol = 1ml

[ ] = 3,000 million/ml

Question 12

Give the volume and sperm concentration of the following species.
Boar

Answer 12

Vol = 250ml

[ ] = 150

Question 13

Give the volume and sperm concentration of the following species.
Dog

Answer 13

Vol = 10ml

[ ] = 125million/ml

Question 14

Give the volume and sperm concentration of the following species.
Cat

Answer 14

vol = .04ml

[ ] = 1,730million/ml

Question 15

Explain the what occurs to the sperm in the following location
Immediate transport/vagina and vestibule

Answer 15

Retrograde loss

Phagocytosis

Question 16

Explain the what occurs to the sperm in the following location
Cervix

Answer 16

Removal of non-motile sperm

Removal of some abnormalities

Question 17

Explain the what occurs to the sperm in the following location
Uterus

Answer 17

Capacitation initiated

Phagocytosis

Question 18

Explain the what occurs to the sperm in the following location
Oviduct

Answer 18

Capacitation completed

Hyperactive motility

Question 19

Explain the what occurs to the sperm in the following location
Fertilization

Answer 19

Acrosome reaction
Spermatozoon penetrates oocyte
Male and female pronuclei form

Question 20

What is the criteria for a good deposition of sperm in bovine?

Answer 20

400 millions of spermatozoa

Min 60% total and progressive motility

70% normal spermatozoa

Question 21

what 3 fractions is pig ejaculate composed of?

Answer 21

Clear Fluid

Rich in Sperm

Coagulum

Question 22

What does coagulum do?

Answer 22

Slows down retrograde loss

Question 23

How and why does phagocytosis of sperm occur?

Answer 23

In estrus, female secretes a lot of mucus and mucus is high in neutrophils

Question 24

What kinds of mucus are secreted in cervix?

Answer 24

1. Sulfomucins - very viscous

2. Sialomucin - low viscosity, sperm swim in this

Question 25

Function of uterine peristalsis in sperm transport?

Answer 25

Help the sperm reach the oviductal isthmus

Question 26

What are the 2 kinds of transport?

Answer 26

1. Rapid phase

2. Sustained phase

Question 27

How does uterotubal junction act as a filter?

Answer 27

1. Filter against pathogens
2. Only sperm with linear motility can pass
3. Sperm lacking fertilin, calmegin or ACE cannot pass this junction

Question 28

Where do sperm form a reservoir?

Answer 28

Isthmus

Question 29

4 roles of isthmus?

Answer 29

1. Trap sperm (storage)
2. Preserve stored sperm
3. Release sperm at different times to increase chance of fertilization
4. Sperm complet capacitation in isthmus