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Locomotor > Production animal lameness 3 - PORCINE AND OVINE > Flashcards

Production animal lameness 3 - PORCINE AND OVINE Flashcards

1
Q

Aetiology - porcine arthritis

A
  • rarer in outdoor pigs
  • sporadic opportunist infection in individuals (E.coli, Staphs, Streps) through wounds
  • Group outbreaks (Strep suis type 14 - via tonsils)
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2
Q

Presentation - arthritis in piglets

A
  • 2d weaning
  • can’t stand, dog sitting
  • enlarged joints
  • death, starved, lai dupon
  • may have meningitis CS
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3
Q

Dx - arthritis in piglets

A

Bacteriology - from discharge or PME

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4
Q

Tx - arthritis in iglets

A
  • Lincomycin
  • penicillin
  • ampicillin
  • ketoprogen
  • euthanasia (if no respnse)
  • all ABs above are licensed
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5
Q

Causes - lameness in growers

A
  • injury, fractures
  • osteochondrosis dessicans
  • patothenic acid def (rare)
  • ionophore toxiticity (rare)
  • infectious: Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, Mycoplasma hypopnuemoniae or Hyorrhinis polyarthritis (and pneumonia), Erysipelas (zoonosis, skin lesions)
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6
Q

Dx - lameness in growers

A
  • hx
  • PE
  • PM
  • paired serology
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7
Q

Tx - lameness in gorwers

A

Infectious causes: tiamulin, lincomysin, tylosin

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8
Q

What % of sow culls are d/t lameness?

A

30%

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9
Q

Types of lameness in adults

A
  • Physical
  • infectious
  • Septic laminitis
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10
Q

Outline physical lameness in adult pigs

A
  • Cartilaginous pathlogy (osteochondrosis, osteochondritis, dyschondroplasia, or DJD)
  • bony pathology –> weakness and fracture (osteomalacia)
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11
Q

Outline infectious arthritis in adult pigs

A
  • Erysipelas

- Mycoplasma sp

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12
Q

What is septic laminitis in adult pigs?

A

= ‘bush foot’ d/t bacterial infection. treat with lincomycin and NSAIDs. Similar to white line abscess in cattle.

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13
Q

What are the 6 main lesions causing lamenes in sheep?

A
  • scald/ strip
  • footrot
  • Contagious ovine digital dermaititis (CODD)
  • shelly hoof
  • toe granuloma
  • abscess
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14
Q

What is CODD?

A

= Contagious Ovine Digital Dermatitis

- similar to DD in cattle

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15
Q

How many sheep are lame?

A

10% UK flock

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16
Q

What is scald caused by?

A

primarily caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum which is in faeces i.e. ubiquitus and usually Dichelobacter nodosus

17
Q

What is essential to cause footrot?

A

Dichelobacter nodosus

18
Q

What causes CODD?

A

The same treponemes (bacteria) that cause bovine DD

19
Q

Aetiology - shelly hoof and toe abscess

A

Poorly understood

20
Q

Aetiology - toe granuloma

A

Largely caused by farmers and vets (overtrimming)

21
Q

Footrot - control

A
  • manage footrot and scald as one disease
  • most important: early action, PN ABs and topical spray, NO trimming
  • if possible, separate sheep lame with footrot or scald
22
Q

Outline routine foot trimming for sheep

A
  • probably unnecessary on many farms
  • shouldn’t be art of footrot control programme
  • can lead to permanent damage to the shape of the foot
  • even sheep with overgrown feet don’t need foot trimming unless it is affecting their ability to walk
23
Q

What determines whether scald will progress to footrot?

A
  • whether D. nodosus is on the farm
  • virulence and dose of D. nodosus
  • sheep susceptibility
  • whether sheep are tx promptly before separation of hoof horn occurs
24
Q

Describe D. nodosus

A
  • present on >90% sheep farms
  • lives for 7-10d on pasture (warm, moist)
  • lives up to 6 wks in hoof clippings
  • main reservoir = infected sheep
25
Q

Outline approach to a group of sheep with some lame

A
  • watch 2x week
  • trim just enough for diagnosis
  • dispose of clippings
  • treat
  • record (for culling/selection)
26
Q

Tx - footrot

A
  • OTC spray (clean foot)
  • Long-acting PN AB (OTC or amoxicillin)
  • allow sheep to stand on clean concrete
  • clean up area
  • ideally isolate sheep for 14d
27
Q

Prognosis - footrot

A
  • 90% recover in 5d
  • if recovered after 14d, return to flock
  • in not then retreat
28
Q

Tx - scald (ewes, lambs, group outbreaks)

A
  • ewes - as footrot
  • lambs (OTC spray, stand in clean area, re-spray in 5d if necessary)
  • group outbreaks: footbath, turnout to clean field, re-treat sheep still lame after 5d
29
Q

Presentation - scald - 2

A
  • pale white skin

- characteristic smell

30
Q

When should you cull lame sheep?

A
  • if still lame after 2 AB tx
  • if 2 episodes of lameness
  • if mishaped claws
31
Q

What chemicals are used for footbathing?

A
  • 10% ZnSo4
  • 3% formalin (most common)
  • NOT CuSO4 (risk of toxicity if sheep drink it)
32
Q

Method - footbathing

A
  • stand sheep in Zn for > 2 minutes
  • stand sheep for 1 hour after
  • turn into a field rested for >15 d
33
Q

What is footvax?

A

= vaccine containing inactivated Bacteroides nodosus

  • vaccinate before high risk periods (usually Autumn/ Spring)
  • primary = twice, 6 wks apart
  • boost 6 monthly (could use every 4-5 months)
  • include all sheep (incl. rams)
  • CARE: risk of self-injection (MAY loose finger)
34
Q

Tx - CODD

A
  • Tilmicosin (Micotil) = a macrolide AB
  • vet administration only
  • footbath with lincomycin (lincosamide) or tylosin (macrolide) (only instance to use AB footbath)

Locomotor (31 decks)

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