PRACTICAL: MSK pathology, imaging and diagnostics Flashcards

1
Q

Appearance - normal joint fluid

A
  • small volume
  • clear straw coloured
  • viscous b/w fingers d/t HA
  • fluid shouldn’t clot but will form gel if left to settle
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2
Q

Why do you tend to see neutrophilic inflammation in the horse?

A

usually with infxn following a penetrating wound. If cell #s are very low, then acute local trauma may also be considered.

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3
Q

Tx- septic arthritis (EQ)

A
  • BS AB 4-6 wks
  • examine area for wound
  • consider contrast rads. to determine if communication b/w wound and joint (remember joint sampling)
  • infected joitns should be sx lavaged ASAP to facilitate good recovery and return to work
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4
Q

Can infectious diseases show PA?

A

Yes - test for tick bourne diseases (Ehrlichia, Borrelia)

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5
Q

If you suspect RA, what test do you run?

A

ANA titres

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6
Q

T/F: sometimes with degenerative arthropathies, no cytologic changes are seen

A

True

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7
Q

What are commonest sites for OSA?

A

“away from the elbow and close to the knee”

  • proximal humerus and distal radius
  • distal femur and proximal tibia
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8
Q

How is OSA an unusual sarcoma?

A

it doesn’t spread in bone from its original location, instead it spreads to the thorax (can and readily do metastasise here)

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9
Q

Microscopic appearance - OSA

A
  • extreme cellularity
  • pink osteoid b/w cells
  • mitotic figures
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10
Q

Action for CCLR

A
  • weight management
  • exercise
  • I/a steroids
  • NSAIDs
  • neutraceuticals
  • sx stabilisation: intra-articular, extra-capsular or osteotomy techniques
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11
Q

Outline relationship b/w exercise and OCD

A

not thought that exercise causes OCD per se but once OCD starts, exercise does exacerbate it

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12
Q

Actions - OCD

A
  • radiograph contralateral area
  • Tx - arthroscopy and debridement of subchondral bone bed and remove cartilage flap (if present)
  • conservative (exercise restriction and analgesics) although less successful than sx
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13
Q

Define AE complex

A

Articular- epiphyseal complex

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14
Q

T/F: cartilage thickness varies normally across a joint d/t different pressure gradients

A

True

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15
Q

List radiographic signs of laminitis

A
  • gas showing separation of laminae
  • P3 rotation
  • foundering (P3 sinking)
  • hoof wall separation
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16
Q

What may fill a space b/w detached epidermal laminae of inner hoof wall and dorsal surface of P3?

A
  • proliferated epithelium
  • necrotic tissue
  • areas of inflammation
17
Q

What happens to the outer hood in laminitis?

A
  • shape of weight bearing surface of hoof changed
  • external surface of horny sole altered
  • turning up and irregular wear of toe region and thickening of the heel of the horny side
18
Q

Radiographic signs - hypertrophic pulmonary osetopathy

A
  • THORAX: nodular interstitial pattern consistent with pulmonary neoplasia
  • BONE: irregular periosteal new bone formation along the diaphyses of the long bone
19
Q

Another name - hypertrophic pulmonary osteopathy

A

Marie’s disease

20
Q

If primary lesion of marie’s disease is removed, will the bone lesions regress

A

Yes lesions may regress

21
Q

Describe marie’s disease

A

Periosteal new bone growth occurs on distal limb bones in association with a chronic, usually intrathoracic, inflammatory or neoplastic lesion.
- Pathogenesis unknown but theories include reflex vasomotor changes mediated by vagus increasing blood flow to extremities (periosteal oedema and hyperaemia then cause new bone growth)

22
Q

Cause - White mm disease (WMD)

A

= a nutritional myopathy

  • d/t Se and vitamin E deficiency
  • usually FA/ruminants on deficient pasture
23
Q

Dx - WMD

A
  • mm biopsy (more expensive method): shows high # macrophages removing debris of degenerate mm fibres
  • CK and AST blood levels (cheaper)